PART 1 - Porto Editora
Propaganda
GRLIN_F01_20113640_2P_AO4_20113640_TXT_P001_016 11/10/06 13:32 Page 3 PART 1 NOUNS • Kinds of nouns .................................................................................................. 11 • Gender ............................................................................................................. 12 • Number ............................................................................................................ 17 ARTICLES • Kinds of articles ................................................................................................ 23 • The definite article ............................................................................................ 23, 24 • The indefinite article ......................................................................................... 23, 24, 29 ADJECTIVES • Adjectives next to nouns ................................................................................... 31, 33 • Use of and with adjectives ................................................................................ 34 • Adjectives functioning as nouns........................................................................ 34 • Degrees of comparison ..................................................................................... 35 • Irregular forms .................................................................................................. 41 NUMBERS • Cardinal numbers ............................................................................................. 44 • Dates ................................................................................................................ 44 • Ordinal numbers............................................................................................... 46 • Fractional numbers, multipliers, arithmetical expressions.................................. 47, 48 GENITIVE • The possessive case .......................................................................................... 49, 50, 51 • Elliptical use of the genitive .............................................................................. 51 GRLIN © Porto Editora PRONOUNS • Personal pronouns ............................................................................................ 52 • Objective forms ................................................................................................ 53, 54 • Possessive adjectives and pronouns .................................................................. 55 • Double genitive ................................................................................................ 58 • Reflexive pronouns ........................................................................................... 59 • Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns............................................................ 60 • Relative pronouns ............................................................................................. 64 • Defining and non-defining clauses.................................................................... 68 • Interrogative pronouns ...................................................................................... 73 • Indefinite pronouns and adjectives.................................................................... 75 3 PART 2 VERBS 82 86 • Have got ........................................................................................................... 89 • Had better......................................................................................................... 90 • Weak verbs....................................................................................................... 91 • Strong verbs ...................................................................................................... 92 • To speak ........................................................................................................... 92 • There to be – haver ........................................................................................... 92 • To do ................................................................................................................ 93 • Mixed verbs ...................................................................................................... 93 • Special rules ..................................................................................................... 94 • Interrogative form ............................................................................................. 95 • Negative form ................................................................................................... 99 • Contracted form with "not" .............................................................................. 100 • Negative-interrogative form .............................................................................. 100 • Question-tags.................................................................................................... 101 • Continuous tense .............................................................................................. 102 • Reflexive verbs.................................................................................................. 104 • Impersonal verbs............................................................................................... 107 EMPHASIS – FORMA ENFÁTICA ......................................................................... 107 PASSIVE............................................................................................................... 109 • Indirect passive ................................................................................................. 110 • Verb patterns (passive voice, continuous tense)................................................. 112 PHRASAL VERBS ................................................................................................. • Verbos fortes e mistos de uso corrente .............................................................. • Verbos fracos irregulares................................................................................... 114 130 132 THE TENSES – OS TEMPOS VERBAIS .................................................................. 133 THE MODAL AUXILIARIES – VERBOS AUXILIARES DEFETIVOS 4 • Can................................................................................................................... 136 • Could................................................................................................................ 137 • May .................................................................................................................. 138 • Might ................................................................................................................ 141 • Can e May ........................................................................................................ 142 • Shall ................................................................................................................. 143 GRLIN © Porto Editora • Auxiliary verb to be .......................................................................................... " " to have ....................................................................................... GRLIN © Porto Editora • Should .............................................................................................................. 144 • Will .................................................................................................................. 145 • Would .............................................................................................................. 147 • Must ................................................................................................................. 148 • Ought to ........................................................................................................... 149 • To need ............................................................................................................ 149 • To dare ............................................................................................................. 150 SUBJUNCTIVE..................................................................................................... 150 • In subordinate clauses....................................................................................... 151 OMISSION OF THAT IN NOUN CLAUSES ........................................................ 154 THE INFINITIVE .................................................................................................. 154 • Infinitive without “to” ....................................................................................... 155 THE SPLIT INFINITIVE ........................................................................................ 158 GERUND – O GERÚNDIO.................................................................................. 159 AGREEMENT – CONCORDÂNCIA DO VERBO COM O SUJEITO ...................... 162 • Direct object and indirect object....................................................................... 163 SPECIAL RULES – VERB MEANINGS PARTICULARIDADES sobre a significação dos verbos......................................... 165 5 PART 3 WORD FORMATION 170 • Prefixes ............................................................................................................. 171 • Sufixes .............................................................................................................. 171 • Diminutives ...................................................................................................... 172 ADVERBS • Kinds of adverbs ............................................................................................... 173 • The use of adverbs ............................................................................................ 175 PREPOSITIONS • Kinds of prepositions......................................................................................... 178 • The use of prepositions ..................................................................................... 181 CONJUNCTIONS 6 • Coordinators ..................................................................................................... 183 • Subordinators.................................................................................................... 184 GRAMMATICAL TERMS ...................................................................................... 186 PUNCTUATION – PUNCTUATION MARKS ....................................................... 187 GRLIN © Porto Editora • Compound words ............................................................................................. PART 4 GRLIN © Porto Editora PHONETICS – FONÉTICA • Phonetic symbols – Símbolos fonéticos............................................................. 190 • The sound of "r " – O som do “r ” ...................................................................... 192 "STRONG FORM – WEAK FORM" ....................................................................... 193 INTONATION – ENTOAÇÃO ............................................................................. 195 7
