Grupos de padrões POS a testar 1. Modais Need (verbo e nome), needs (verbo e nome), needed, needing Had better, Would rather Supposed to Would you mind Have got to/ have to Going to Can como poder e saber Note: some work has been done in this area. More needed. 2. Verbos que ocorrem com modais abide, admit, afford, appeal, assure, cope (with), discern, fathom, guarantee, handle, imagine, interact, resist, settle for, suffice, survive, tolerate, ver Biber et all p. 490 3. Verbo to be, become e outros verbos copulas ver Biber et all p. 435> 4. Verbo to get 5. Verbos cognitivos como to know (saber/conhecer), to look (=seem), sound, smell, taste, feel Note: some work has been done in this area. More needed. 6. Verbos dizendi como to tell, to say 7. Verbos polissémicos como to play, to run, to miss Note: a lot of work has been done with these verbs. But others can be chosen 8. Verbos be, have, do como auxiliares em tags ou do como pro-verb Note: some work has been done in this area. More needed. 9. Preposições ver Downing & Locke, Spatial Reference, Time and Abstract Reference p. 599 10. Preposições complexas – ver Biber et al page75 11. Quantificadores (any, some, every, much, many, all, etc.) – ver Biber et all p. 275> 12. Determinantes e semi-determinantes – Biber et all p. 280> 13. Homógrafos como second, round, right Exs: a stream of pulses lasting 1 second (NOME) A second (ADJ) exception to the parallelism between performance and temperature is a more general one. Second (ADV), incarnation stresses the pathway of weakness and even failure that is the pattern of discipleship. I second (VERBO) his nomination 14. Homógrafos –ing (nominal, verbal e adjectival) in the hope of getting a job building (VERBO) our railway bridge The building (ADJ) industry has today an appreciably larger number of men at work it is quite capable of spreading from one building to another Note: some work has been done in this area. More needed. 15. Homógrafos -ed (verbal e adjectival) -ED simple past (pretérito perfeito) The program generated files –ED past participle (particípio passado) Family killed in fire –ED passive (passiva) The family was killed in the fire. –ED adjective (adjectivo) generated item 16. Comparativos e Superlativos (most) 17. Pronomes nas suas diferentes funções: sujeito, objecto, etc. 18. Construções Wh- Note: some work has been done in this area. More needed. 19. There + be, it + (seems) that 20. Nomes no plural (em início de frase) 21. SNs longos com vários adjectivos, etc. Note: some work has been done in this area. More needed. 22. Advérbios ever, often, much, still, yet, already, then e outros 23. Homógrafos advérbio-adjectivo como hard, long, direct, late, clean ver Downing & Locke, p. 562 24. Homógrafos advérbio-preposição como above, across, abroad, along ver Downing & Locke, p. 564 Note: some work has been done in this area. More needed. 25. Estruturas V+Vinf A few new ideas: Causative processes (See Downing & Locke p. 118, 14.6): make, render, turn, drive, have - in SVOC structures Causative with one-participant processes: ergative pairs (See Downing & Locke p. 119-120, 14.7) burn, boil, burst, change, close, cook, drop, join, melt, move, open, run, shake, shut, stand, stretch, tighten, turn One-participant processes: containing a Subject which acts or is acted upon (See Downing & Locke p.121-122, 15.1) 1) Words like burn, drink, cook, walk, talk turn = verbs (infinitive and present tense) or nouns (singular) 2) Words like drinks, cooks, walk, talks = verbs (present tense - 3rd person sing.) nouns (plural) Note: they should avoid verbs preceded by 'to' and nouns preceded by articles. 3) -ing forms = progressive form of verb / noun usage / adjective usage 4) -ed forms = past tense / auxiliary + past participle / Past participle with adjectival function / passive constructions Prepositional verbs: see: http://www.hio.ft.hanze.nl/thar/grprepv.htm Phrasal verbs - see: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/eslphrasal.html and http://www.eslcafe.com/pv/ and http://valenciaenglish.netfirms.com/phrasals00.htm#List of phrasal verbs