EEAR/AFA/EFOMM 25-05

EEAR/AFA/EFOMM
THAÍZA
25-05-2015
INGLÊS
VOZ PASSIVA
1. A voz passiva é empregada para enfatizar mais a ação ou o
seu resultado do que a pessoa que pratica a ação. Assim é
enfatizado o que acontece a alguém ou a algo:
Ex: Alfred raises cows and pigs. (active voice) - Dá ênfase a
Alfred.
Cows and pigs are raised by Alfred. (passive voice) - Dâ ênfase
ao que Alfred cria - vacas e porcos.
2. Em situações formais, na linguagem jornalística, acadêmica
e em descrições técnicas e/ou científicas*:
Ex: Heart disease is considered the leading cause of death in
the United States.
The balloon is positioned in an area of blockage and is
inflated.
* Na maioria das vezes, o agente da passiva não é
mencionado nestes tipos de escrita, pois o mais importante,
nestes casos, é o resultado, a ação e não quem a praticou.
3. Usa-se a voz passiva, em Inglês, quando o sujeito é
indefinido, equivalente ao nosso sujeito indeterminado:
Ex: They play baseball everywhere in the
States.(active voice)
(Jogam beisebol por toda parte nos Estados Unidos.)
United
Baseball is played everywhere in the United States. (passive
voice)
(O beisebol é jogado em toda arte nos Estados Unidos.)
People eat avocado with sugar in Brazil. (active voice)
(No Brasil, as pessoas comem abacate com açúcar.)
It is reported that... (Relata-se que...)
English is spoken in Australia. (Fala-se Inglês na Austrália.)
A lot of rice is eaten in China.
(Come-se muito arroz na China.)
A lot has been written about that.
(Tem-se escrito muito sobre isso.)
One doesn't know exactly what happened that night.
(Não se sabe ao certo o que aconteceu naquela noite.
You can't work in such an environment.
(Não se pode trabalhar num ambiente desses.)
You shouldn't believe everything you read.
(Não se deve acreditar em tudo o que se lê.)
5. Somente verbos transitivos podem ser transformados em
construção passiva. Verbos intransitivos não possuem objeto,
dessa forma não há como formar o sujeito na voz passiva, já
que o objeto da voz ativa torna-se o sujeito da voz passiva.
Alguns verbos transitivos também não podem ser
transformados em construção passiva; a maioria deles são
verbos que se referem a estados e não a ações, como fit,
have, lack, resemble, suit.
Veja alguns exemplos de frases com verbos transitivos em
que a voz passiva não ocorre:
Ex: They have a nice house.
(NOT A nice house is had by them.)
My shoes don't fit me.
(NOT I'm not fitted by my shoes.)
She was having a bath.
(NOT A bath was being had by her.)
Angela resembles a Greek goddess.
(NOT A Greek goddess is resembled by Angela.)
Your mother lacks tact.
(NOT Tact is lacked by your mother.)
Avocado is eaten with sugar in Brazil. (passive voice)
(No Brasil, abacate é comido com açúcar.)
6. Em estruturas ativas, os verbos hear, see, make e help
podem ser seguidos por objeto + verbo no infinitivo sem to,
já em estruturas passivas, estes verbos devem ser seguidos
pelo verbo com o to. Observe:
Observe que o uso da voz ativa com they ou people (as
pessoas, a gente) é mais comum na linguagem informal, ao
passo que a voz passiva é mais usada na linguagem formal.
- I saw him (to) come out of the house. (active structure)
He was seen to come out of the house. (passive structure)
4. Em Português, temos a voz passiva analítica (Fernanda foi
socorrida por Rafael) e a voz passiva sintética (Vendem-se
roupas usadas); no Inglês, porém, existe apenas uma forma
para a voz passiva, que equivale às duas formas em
Português. A construção com one (linguagem escrita ou
formal) e com you (linguagem falada, informal) também é
empregada nestes casos:
Ex: It is said that power and ambition corrupt people. (Diz-se
que o poder e a ambição corrompem as pessoas.)
- They made him (to) tell them everything. (active structure)
He was made to tell them everything. (passive structure)
- They helped him (to) get out of the country. (active
structure)
He was helped to get out of the country. (passive structure)
7. Alguns verbos como say, believe, consider, expect, know,
report, think, understand, allege admitem duas formas para a
voz passiva. Observe alguns exemplos:
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She is said to work 14 hours a day.
ou
It is said that she works 14 hours a day.
The boy is believed to be wearing a white pullover and blue
jeans.
ou
It is believed that the boy is wearing a white pullover and blue
jeans.
He is alleged to have hit a policeman.
ou
It is alleged that he hit a policeman.
John is said to be working very hard.
ou
It is said that John is working very hard.
Two people are reported to have been injured in the
explosion.
ou
It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion.
8. Para formar a interrogativa, antepomos ao sujeito o verbo
auxiliar que compõe o tempo verbal da voz passiva. Para a
negativa, basta acrescentar not ao auxiliar. Observe:
Ex: The office is cleaned every day. (affirmative form)
Is the office cleaned every day? (interrogative form)
The office is not cleaned every day. (negative form)
OBSERVAÇÃO: Os tempos verbais Present Perfect
Progressive, Past Perfect Progressive, Future Progressive e
Future Perfect Progressive não são comuns na voz passiva.
Exercícios
180. (AFA-2007)
Mark the option that means "Heating bills can be reduced
when double glazing is installed":
a) When double glazing is installed heating bills can reduce it.
b) Double glazing can reduce heating bills when it is installed.
c) Double glazing is installed to reduce heating bills.
d) When you install double glazing you reduce heating bills.
181. (AFA-2007)
Change the sentence below into passive voice:
Chlorates and nitrates usually provide oxygen for the
reaction.
a) Oxygen is provided for the reaction usually by chlorates
and nitrates.
b) The ones that usually provide oxygen for the reaction are
chlorates and nitrates.
c) Oxygen for the reaction is usually provided by chlorates
and nitrates.
d) Chlorates and nitrates are usually provided by oxygen for
the reaction.
182. (EEAR 2007)
What’s the active voice for "The first roller skates were made
in 1760 by Joseph Merlim"?
Joseph Merlim __________ the first skates in 1760.
a) made
b) makes
c) has made
d) was making
183. (EFOMM-2005)
So far the President __________.
a) has not been elected
b) will never be elected
c) would be elected soon
d) had been elected
e) would have been elected
184. (EFOMM-2006)
In: "The invention of the automobile has changed American
life in several ways", the passive voice is:
a) “American life is being changed in several ways”.
b) “American life was being changed in several ways”.
c) “American life is changed in several ways”.
d) “American life has been changed in several ways”.
e) “American life would be changed in several ways”.
185. (EFOMM-2007)
In: "This expedition will use a special Russian-owned ship",
the passive voice is:
a) A special Russian-owned ship will use by this expedition.
b) A special Russian-owned ship would use by this expedition.
c) A special Russian-owned ship will be used by this
expedition.
d) A special Russian-owned ship would be used by this
expedition.
e) A special Russian-owned ship would used by this
expedition.
186. (EFOMM-2008)
The problem __________ discussed by the board of directors
when it was proposed again by the supervisors.
a) had already
b) is already
c) had already been
d) has already
e) has already been
187. (EFOMM-1997)
Somebody opened the door.
a) The door was opened.
b) The door opens.
c) The door is open.
d) The door open.
e) The open door.
188. (EFOMM-2000)
"She had been told about the meeting", the active voice is:
a) Nobody told her about the meeting.
b) Somebody had told her about the meeting.
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c) Everybody would tell her about the meeting.
d) She had told somebody about the meeting.
e) The meeting was told about her.
189. (JFS-2008)
Read the following dialogue:
"This floor is very dirty, Ferdinand. It needs sweeping."
"Yes, sir. Don’t worry. I will tell someone to do it at once."
– The underlined sentence is equivalent in meaning to:
a) I will clean it by myself.
b) someone should have cleaned.
c) I will have it done.
d) you should clean it.
e) I will get him to do it.
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