simple present - Colégio D. Pedro II

SIMPLE PRESENT
-
I) FORMAÇÃO
a) Na Afirmativa :

Regra Geral: TO verb sem “to” verb
(Infinitive)
↓
para todas as pessoas
Ex.: to answer answer  I answer

EXCETO : 3ªP.S. (HE/SHE/IT)
TO verb verb + S
: answer →She answerS
+ ES : verbos terminados em

SS : kiss
→He kissES

SH : vanish →She vanishES

CH : watch →He watchES

X
: fix
→She fixES

Z
: buzz
→It buzzES

O
: go
→He goES
+ IES: verbos terminados em Y antecedido de consoante

Y → IES : deny →She denIES
*BUT: To play → play→ He plays
b) Na Interrogativa :
- usa-se DO
DOES(HE/SHE/IT)
_ verbo no infinitivo sem o “to.
b) Na Negativa:
-usa-se DON’T
DOESN’T(HE/SHE/IT)
EX.:
a) AFF.
INT.
NEG.
b) AFF.
INT.
NEG.
↓ They ARRIVE late every day.
DO they↓ ARRIVE late every day?
They
DON’T ARRIVE late every day.
↓ Jessica ARRIVES late every day.
DOES Jessica↓ ARRIVE late every day?
Jessica
DOESN’T ARRIVE late every day.
II) USOS:
- ações ROTINEIRAS
100% : ALWAYS
75% : USUALLY/ GENERALLY/ NORMALLY/
FREQUENTLY = OFTEN
50% : SOMETIMES
25% : RARELY = SELDOM / SCARCELY/ HARDLY
0% : NEVER
EVERY day/week
EACH
ONCE / TWICE/ THREE times, etc
- fatos/ situações ATEMPORAIS
verdades científicas/universais ou generalizações
EX.: Plants absorb the carbon dioxide.
Everybody lies.
- ações FUTURAS (Programações/horários)
EX.: The train leaves at 11:30.
- fatos RECENTES
EX.: “Oscar 2017: Moonlight wins best picture after announcement mix-up.”(BBC)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS I) FORMAÇÃO
a) Na Afirmativa :
Sujeito
AM
+ IS
+
___ING
ARE
 Regras de formação do GERÚNDIO.
1. Regra Geral: To verb verb + ING
Ex.: To speak  speak + ING  speakING
2. Verbos terminados em
*E  - E + ING
Ex.: To smile  smil + ING  smilING
*EE  + ING (regra geral)
Ex.: To agree  agree + ING  agreeING
*Y  + ING (regra geral)
EX.:To enjoy  enjoy  enjoy + ING  enjoyING
To try
 try
 try + ING
tryING
*L antecedidos de uma vogal  dobra-se o L + ING
EX.:To label  label  labelL+ ING  labelLING
But To steal  steal  steal+ ING  stealING
*i : To ski  ski + ING  skiING
*iE :  - IE + Y + ING
EX.:To lie  lY + ING  lYING
To die  dY + ING  dYING
To tie  tY + ING  tYING
*To dye  dye + ING  dyeing
3. Verbos Monossilábicos - CVC  dobra-se a consoante final + ING
Ex.: To stop stop(cvc)
To rub  rub(cvc)
stopp + ING  stopPING
rubb + ING 
rubBING
4. Verbos Dissílabos e Oxítonos  CVC  dobra-se a consoante final + ING
Ex.: To admitadmit(cvc)admitt+ING  admitTING
Topreferprefer(cvc)preferr+ING preferRING
OBS. Mas, se NÃO forem oxítonos seguem a Regra Geral
Ex.: To open open(cvc)
open + ING  openING
To enter  enter(cvc) enter+ ING  enterING
To visit  visit(cvc) visit+ ING  visitING
b) Na Interrogativa :
AM
+ IS Sujeito +
___ING ?
ARE
b) Na Negativa:
Sujeito
AM NOT
+ ISN’T
+
___ING
AREN’T
Ex.: AFF.
My friends ARE WAITING for me now.
INT.
ARE my friends WAITING for me now?
NEG.
My friends AREN’T WAITING for me now
II) USOS:
- ações MOMENTÂNEAS.
EX.: Seth is writing a text message now.
*NOW
*AT THIS MOMENT
*RIGHT NOW
=
*AT PRESENT
- ações EM ANDAMENTO (PROGRESSIVA)
EX.: I am taking a course on American Literature.
- ações FUTURAS (planos, compromissos acertados.
EX.: I’m leaving tomorrow. I’ve got my plane ticket.
- é usado com o IMPERATIVO.
EX.: Listen! The baby is crying.
WATCH OUT!! Alguns verbos não são usados em Tempos CONTíNUOS:
*SEE
*LIKE
*HEAR
*KNOW
*LOVE
*THINK
*BELIEVE
*SMELL
*HATE
*REMEMBER
*TASTE
*NEED
*FORGET
*FEEL
*WANT
(=achar)
*UNDERSTAND
EX.: a)Eu estou gostando deste filme.
I AM LIKING this movie. (wrong)
I LIKE this movie. (right)
b) Eles estão vendo um macaco.
They ARE SEEING a monkey. (wrong)
They CAN SEE a monkey. (right)
 Alguns deles podem ser usados no Present Continuous com outro significado.
EX.: a) I’M SEEING a doctor tomorrow.
b) I’M SEEING Sally.
c) What ARE you THINKING about?