2007_06_20_Aula_1_Ro..

OBJETIVOS DAS AULAS DE INGLÊS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
INGLÊS NOS CONCURSOS PÚBLICOS
INGLÊS É DE TRÁS PARA FRENTE?
COMO ESTUDAR PARA PROVAS DE INGLÊS DE
CONCURSOS PÚBLICOS
COMO LER TEXTOS EM INGLÊS
LÓGICA NA HORA DE RESPONDER
TIRAR O TRAUMA DE INGLÊS (GRAMÁTICA
PRÁTICA E SIMPLIFICADA)
DICAS GRAMATICAIS QUE VOCÊ NÃO ENCONTRA
EM LIVROS TRADICIONAIS
VOCABULÁRIO ESPECÍFICO
COMO ACERTAR QUESTÕES SEM LER OS
TEXTOS
INGLÊS NOS
CONCURSOS
PÚBLICOS
Por que inglês é pedido em
provas de concursos
públicos?
INGLÊS É DE TRÁS
PARA FRENTE ?
LENDAS E MITOS
1. Are you Brazilian?
2. No, I am not Brazilian.
3. I am a German teacher.
4. Roberto’s car is obsolete.
LENDAS E MITOS
1. Are you Brazilian?
2. No, I am not Brazilian.
3. I am a German teacher.
4. Roberto’s car is obsolete.
LENDAS E MITOS
1. Are you Brazilian? (pergunta)
2. No, I am not Brazilian.
3. I am a German teacher.
4. Roberto’s car is obsolete.
LENDAS E MITOS
1. Are you Brazilian? (pergunta)
2. No, I am not Brazilian. (negativa)
3. I am a German teacher.
4. Roberto’s car is obsolete.
LENDAS E MITOS
1. Are you Brazilian? (pergunta)
2. No, I am not Brazilian. (negativa)
3. I am a German teacher. (adjetivo)
4. Roberto’s car is obsolete.
LENDAS E MITOS
1. Are you Brazilian? (pergunta)
2. No, I am not Brazilian. (negativa)
3. I am a German teacher. (adjetivo)
4. Roberto’s car is obsolete. (‘s)
... QUANDO VOCÊ SE DEPARAR COM...
2 ou + SUBSTANTIVOS
... QUANDO VOCÊ SE DEPARAR COM...
2 ou + SUBSTANTIVOS
... QUANDO VOCÊ SE DEPARAR COM...
2 ou + SUBSTANTIVOS
Accounting procedure (procedimento contábil)
Income tax return (declaração de imposto de renda)
Income tax refund (restituição de imposto de renda)
... QUANDO VOCÊ SE DEPARAR COM...
2 ou + SUBSTANTIVOS
Accounting procedure (procedimento contábil)
Income tax return (declaração de imposto de renda)
Income tax refund (restituição de imposto de renda)
... QUANDO VOCÊ SE DEPARAR COM...
2 ou + SUBSTANTIVOS
Accounting procedure (procedimento contábil)
Income tax return (declaração de imposto de renda)
Income tax refund (restituição de imposto de renda)
... QUANDO VOCÊ SE DEPARAR COM...
2 ou + SUBSTANTIVOS
Accounting procedure (procedimento contábil)
Income tax return (declaração de imposto de renda)
Income tax refund (restituição de imposto de renda)
support group
heart attack
blood pressure
family members
support group
heart attack
grupo de apoio
ataque do coração
blood pressure
family members
pressão sangüínea
membros da família
Observe os seguintes exemplos
The success of the business depends on the economic scenario.
O sucesso do(de+o) negócio depende do(de+o) cenário econômico.
In a near future lawyers will have contact with American Courts.
Num(em+um) futuro próximo advogados terão contato com tribunais americanos.
EXERCISES
Sujeito + verbo + complemento
a) In general the reform plan would reduce taxes on
No geral o plano de reforma reduziria impostos sobre
individuals and increases them on corporations.
pessoas físicas e aumentaria “eles” sobre empresas.
(OS AUMENTARIA)
b) b)The Senate approved a bill in April that allowed... (TRF)
O Senado aprovou um projeto de lei em Abril que permitiu
Sujeito + verbo + complemento
a) In general the reform plan would reduce taxes on
No geral o plano de reforma reduziria impostos sobre
individuals and increases them on corporations.
pessoas físicas e aumentaria “eles” sobre empresas.
(OS AUMENTARIA)
b) The Senate approved a bill in April that allowed... (TRF)
O Senado aprovou um projeto de lei em Abril que permitiu
c) General Accounting Office (GAO) helps the Congress
(O) TCU auxilia o Congresso (a)
oversee federal programs and operations to ensure ...
supervisionar operações e programas federais para garantir…
d) According to the author, analysts foresee difficulties…
De acordo com o autor, analistas prevêem dificuldades…
c) General Accounting Office (GAO) helps the Congress
(O) TCU auxilia o Congresso (a)
oversee federal programs and operations to ensure ...
supervisionar operações e programas federais para garantir…
d) According to the author, analysts foresee difficulties…
De acordo com o autor, analistas prevêem dificuldades…
EXTRA EXERCISE
The first component of the Fiscal Stabilization Program
encompasses the approval of constitutional and legal reforms
in areas such as security, labor, public administration and
taxes.
COMO ESTUDAR
PARA PROVAS DE
INGLÊS DE
CONCURSOS
PÚBLICOS
Como estudar para provas de inglês de
concursos públicos
1) Quantas palavras são utilizadas nas provas de concursos
públicos?
2) Devo assinar revistas importadas? (The Economist; Time;
Financial Times , Newsweek etc)
3) Devo tentar memorizar 20.000 palavras para as provas de
concursos públicos? Muitos textos diferentes?
4) Como devo estudar em casa? No ônibus? Ou em outro
lugar?
5) Entre um período de estudo de economia, português,
direito tributário ou contabilidade, leia 15 minutos...
6) No trabalho, leia 10 sentenças por hora.
O QUE NÃO FAZER
1. Não ler listas de verbos de
cursos preparatórios para
vestibular
2. Não ler listas de falsos
cognatos
3. Não ler livros de gramática
Agora vamos APRENDER a ler
textos em inglês
ROBERTO, TEACH ME
HOW TO READ
TEXTS IN ENGLISH !
COMO LER TEXTOS
EM INGLÊS !
THE BUDGET FOR THE YEAR 2000
Most analysts believe that the budget for the
year 2000 presented by the government is
feasible, but many points used to design
THE BUDGET FOR THE YEAR 2000
Most analysts believe that the budget for the
A maioria dos analistas acredita que o orçamento para o
year 2000 presented by the government is
Ano 2000 apresentado pelo governo é
feasible, but many points used to design
factível, mas muitos pontos usados para elaborar
the budget depend on negotiations with Congress.
“If first impressions are confirmed,
the budget corresponds to reality”,
the budget depend on negotiations with Congress.
O orçamento dependem de negociações com o Congresso
“If first impressions are confirmed,
Se (as) primeiras impressões forem confirmadas,
the budget corresponds to reality”,
o orçamento corresponde à realidade
says the former Central Bank President Affonso
Celso Pastore. According to the Chief Economist
for Citibank, the budget is feasible but not easy
says the former Central Bank President Affonso
Diz o ex-presidente do Banco Central Afonso
Celso Pastore. According to the Chief Economist
Celso Pastore. De acordo com o economista chefe
for Citibank, the budget is feasible but not easy
do Citibank, o orçamento é factível mas não fácil
to accomplish. Specialists say that the
government would have to reduce
monthly expenses immediately until the
to accomplish. Specialists say that the
para cumprir. Especialistas dizem que o
government would have to reduce
governo teria que reduzir
monthly expenses immediately until the
despesas menzais imediatamente até o
end of the year from R$3.5billion to R$2.87billion,
which would correspond to a 20% reduction.
“It’s quite a tight budget”, said the former Minister
end of the year from R$3.5 billion to R$2.87 billion,
final do ano de R$3,5 bilhões para R$2,87 bilhões
which would correspond to a 20% reduction.
que corresponderia a uma redução de 20%
“It’s quite a tight budget”, said the former Minister
“É um orçamento um tanto apertado, disse o ex-min.
Minister Maílson da Nóbrega. The main problem
is that state employees’ salaries have been
raised and an extra R$ 3.1billion will have
to be paid next year.
Minister Maílson da Nóbrega. The main problem
Ministro Maílson da Nóbrega. O principal problema
is that state employees’ salaries have been
é que o salários dos funcionários públicos foi
raised and an extra R$ 3.1billion will have
aumentado e um extra (de) R$3,1bilhões terão
to be paid next year.
que ser pagos ano que vem
TIRAR O TRAUMA DE
INGLÊS (GRAMÁTICA
PRÁTICA E SIMPLIFICADA)
Lista de verbos: a base de tudo !
INFINITIVE
SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
TO DROP (despencar)
DROPPED (despencou)
DROPPED (despencado)
TO DECREASE (decrescer)
DECREASED (decresceu)
DECREASED (decrescido )
TO INVEST (investir)
INVESTED (investiu) INVESTED(investido)
TO INCREASE (aumentar)
INCREASED (aumentou)
INCREASED (aumentado)
TO RAISE (levantar)
RAISED (levantou)
RAISED (levantado)
TO LIFT (elevar )
LIFTED (elevou)
LIFTED(elevado)
TO RISE (subir)
ROSE(subiu)
RISEN (subido)
TO FALL (cair)
FELL (caiu)
FALLEN (caído)
TO GO (ir)
WENT (foi)
GONE (ido)
TO HAVE (ter)
HAD (teve)
HAD (tido)
TO COME (vir )
CAME(veio)
COME(vindo)
TO BUY (comprar)
BOUGHT (comprou) BOUGHT (comprado)
VERBOS MODAIS
CAN 
Expressa “capacidade,
habilidade, permissão” e
algumas traduções sugeridas são
“saber, poder, conseguir”.
Companies in Brazil can manufacture high-tech machines
Empresas no Brasil podem fabricar máquinas de alta tecnologia
sabem
conseguem
têm a capacidade de
têm o know-how para
VERBOS MODAIS
COULD 
Wage
É a forma passada e condicional do verbo
“CAN” e as traduções sugeridas(existem
outras) são “podia, poderia, sabia,
conseguia entre outras”
negotiations
Negociações
salariais
could
poderiam
be
ser
resumed.
retomadas.
VERBOS MODAIS
MAY 
Expressa “probabilidade” ou “permissão”
e uma tradução sugerida é “poder”.
You may not see the documents. They are confidential
Você não pode ver os documentos. Eles são confidenciais.
VERBOS MODAIS
MIGHT 
The attorney might
Expressa “probabilidade” e a tradução sugerida
é “poder”. Embora, também, seja o passado do
verbo “MAY”, em textos jurídicos e de negócios
sua utilização é principalmente como um verbo
que expressa “probabilidade”.
reject this provision because ...
O advogado pode rejeitar esta cláusula, porque...
VERBOS MODAIS
SHOULD 
(OUGHT TO)
The
O
contract
contrato
Expressa “recomendação forte ou
conselho” e algumas traduções sugeridas são
“devia” ou “deveria”. O verbo “should” pode
ser substituído por “ought to”, porém com
menos freqüência.
should
deveria
ser
be
carefully
analyzed.
cuidadosamente
analisado.
VERBOS MODAIS
SHALL 
É o futuro do verbo “SHOULD” e a tradução
sugerida é “deverá” e indica “obrigação”.
The machine shall be lubricated every other week.
A máquina deverá ser lubrificada semana sim, semana não.
VERBOS MODAIS
MUST 
People
Expressa “necessidade, obrigação e
dedução forte” e algumas traduções
sugeridas são “ter que” ou “dever”.
must file an
income tax
return.
Pessoas devem entregar uma declaração de imposto de renda.
têm que/de
precisam
têm a obrigação de
VERBOS MODAIS
MUST NOT 
CUIDADO! Expressa
“proibição” e algumas
traduções sugeridas são
“estar proibido de, não
dever, não poder”.
Unauthorized personnel must not
Pessoal não autorizado
go beyond
está proibido de
não podem
this point.
ir além deste ponto
passar deste
Ilusão de ótica 1
I should have done that.
Eu deveria ter feito aquilo.
(
(
) sim
) não
Ilusão de ótica 1 (cont)
I should have done that.
Eu deveria ter feito aquilo.
( ) sim
( X ) não. Resposta certa
Ilusão de ótica 2 (cont)
I should not have said that.
Eu não deveria ter dito aquilo.
(
(
) sim.
) não
Ilusão de ótica 2 (cont)
I should not have said that.
Eu não deveria ter dito aquilo.
( X ) sim. Resposta certa
( ) não
Ilusão de ótica 3
He must have had problems at the office.
Ele deve ter tido problemas no escritório.
Qual a moral da história?
Ilusão de ótica 3 (cont)
He must have had problems at the office.
Ele deve ter tido problemas no escritório.
Moral da história:
MUST HAVE + Particípio passado = FORTE DEDUÇÃO
Como você se sente quando precisa “CHUTAR” na prova?
Assinale a(s) imagem(s) que melhor expressa(m) o sentimento
nesse momento?
1. (
)
3. (
)
X
2. (
)
4. (
)
BRASIL
X
FRANÇA
(JOGO EM COPA DO MUNDO
com Ronaldo “gorducho”e
Zidane em campo)
LÓGICA NA HORA
DE RESPONDER !
1)
THE AUTHOR
EXERCISE ...
CLAIMS
THAT
REGULAR
a) should be prevented.
b) might be harmful.
c) reduces stress
d) is unhealthy
e) must be vigorous
LINK PAD
2) ACCORDING TO THE TEXT, SELF-CONFIDENCE
AND OPTIMISM...
a) positively affected by exercise.
b) negatively influenced by exercise.
c) reduced by regular exercise.
d) illogical feelings.
e) not at all affected by exercise.
LINK PAD
3) A FEW INNOVATIONS ARE BEING TRIED IN
EUROPE AND THE USA IN ORDER TO…
a) increase dissatisfaction of employees
b) demotivate unqualified employees
c) combat over-qualified employees
d) avoid high productivity
e) fight dissatisfaction of employees
4) ACCORDING TO THE AUTHOR, LACK OF
RECOGNITION…
a) motivates the employee’s professional growth
b) is the only reason for professional dissatisfaction
c) enables the employee to produce even more
d) surely improves the employee’s performance
e) is one of the reasons for professional dissatisfaction
LINK PAD
5) ACCORDING TO THE TEXT, THE
RELATIONS WITH THE OTHER
STATES SHOULD BE…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
MERCOSUR
MEMBER
stronger and more intense.
more respectful and sporadic.
spontaneous and shallow.
interrupted or postponed.
less frequent and intense.
LINK PAD
6) THE LENGTH OF THE PLURIANNUAL PLAN OF THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
will be determined.
is clearly set.
is not clear.
was extended.
is yet to be defined.
LINK PAD
7) THE EXTRACT...
a) persuades readers to lead a sedentary life.
b) also includes the results of a study.
c) states that our problems are unsolvable.
d) discourages the practice of physical exercise.
e) proves that physical exercise increases our blood
pressure.
LINK PAD
8) IN PARAGRAPH 2, THE ROLE PLAYED BY ESTONIA’S
FLAT INCOME TAX IN RELATION TO ITS “ROBUST
REVENUES” IS…
a) ignored.
b) questioned.
c) omitted.
d) not mentioned.
e) disregarded.
LINK PAD
O PERIGO DO NÚMEROS
1. The bank’s monetary policy committee reduced its
overnight lending rate (Selic) by 25 basis points to 18.75
per cent.
2. Estonia’s economy has grown impressively since its 1994
reform.
In paragraph 1, the author provides a brief outline of…
a) Estonia’s growth in 1994.
b) a country’s reform attempt.
c) Estonia’s burdensome tax system.
d) a country’s growth and fiscal policy.
e) a country’s upcoming interest rates.
2. Estonia’s economy has grown impressively since its 1994
reform.
In paragraph 1, the author provides a brief outline of…
a) Estonia’s growth in 1994.
b) a country’s reform attempt.
c) Estonia’s burdensome tax system.
d) a country’s growth and fiscal policy.
e) a country’s upcoming interest rates.
2. Estonia’s economy has grown impressively since its 1994
reform.
In paragraph 1, the author provides a brief outline of…
a) Estonia’s growth in 1994.
b) a country’s reform attempt.
c) Estonia’s burdensome tax system.
d) a country’s growth and fiscal policy.
e) a country’s upcoming interest rates.
3. ACCORDING TO THE TEXT, VICE FUND…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
is concerned with stamping out illegal vices.
deals with illicit assets in the grey economy.
has attracted 17.2% of the legitimate investors.
profits from human addictions and conflicts.
is barely worth serious attention from investors.
4. IN CONNECTION TO THE BUDGET FOR YEAR 2000, ANALYSTS
BELIEVE THAT IT…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
might be achieved
will be increased by 20%
is hardly attainable
ought to be designed by the Congress
has been endorsed by the Congress
3. ACCORDING TO THE TEXT, VICE FUND…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
is concerned with stamping out illegal vices.
deals with illicit assets in the grey economy.
has attracted 17.2% of the legitimate investors.
profits from human addictions and conflicts.
is barely worth serious attention from investors.
4. IN CONNECTION TO THE BUDGET FOR YEAR 2000, ANALYSTS
BELIEVE THAT IT…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
might be achieved
will be increased by 20%
is hardly attainable
ought to be designed by the Congress
has been endorsed by the Congress
5. THE AUTHOR POINTS OUT…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
the difficulties faced by accountants in setting sensible tax brackets.
the urgent need to change the last tax law.
the government’s decision to increase tax brackets in 2005.
a certain number of changes concerning tax brackets.
the need to be married so as to qualify for the 10% tax bracket.
6. ACCORDING TO THE TEXT…
a) a commission introduced a flat income tax into Britain.
b) a war once justified the payment of income tax.
c) a flat income tax would be made up of three tax rates.
d) the reform would yield many economic benefits.
e) George Osborne has managed to introduce the single rate.
5. THE AUTHOR POINTS OUT…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
the difficulties faced by accountants in setting sensible tax brackets.
the urgent need to change the last tax law.
the government’s decision to increase tax brackets in 2005.
a certain number of changes concerning tax brackets.
the need to be married so as to qualify for the 10% tax bracket.
6. ACCORDING TO THE TEXT…
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a commission introduced a flat income tax into Britain.
a war once justified the payment of income tax.
a flat income tax would be made up of three tax rates.
the reform would yield many economic benefits.
George Osborne has managed to introduce the single rate.
MAIS UMA
QUESTÃO PARA
TESTAR SUA
LÓGICA!
7. WHAT ELEMENTS ARE INTENDED TO BE DECREASED?
a) The GDP and the internal debt.
b) The standard of living and the GDP.
c) The local interest rates and the foreign GDP.
d) The budget expenditures and the interest rates.
e) The social security deficit and the GDP.
LINK PAD
DEAR TEACHER, LET’S
READ ONE MORE TEXT ?
THE MORE I PRACTICE,
THE MORE I LEARN !
PLEASE, SWEATHEART !
THE REAL MEDICINE
People who survive a heart attack often
describe it as a wake-up call. But for a
61-year-old executive I met recently, it was
more than that. This man was in the midst of a
People who survive a heart attack often
Pessoas que sobrevivem (a) um ataque cardíaco frequentemente
describe it as a wake-up call. But for a
descrevem “ele” como um “chacoalhão”. Mas para um
61-year-old executive I met recently, it was
executivo de 61 anos (que) eu conheci recentemente, foi
more than that. This man was in the midst of a
mais do que isto. Este homem estava no meio de um
divorce when he was stricken last spring, and he had
fallen out of touch
with friends and family members.
The executive´s doctor, unaware of the strife in his
life, counseled him to change his diet,
divorce when he was stricken last spring, and he had
divórcio quando ele foi atingido (na) última primavera, e tinha
fallen out of touch with friends and family members.
perdido contato com amigos e membros da familiares
The executive´s doctor, unaware of the strife in his
O médico do executivo, não conhecedor da disputa em sua
life, counseled him to change his diet,
vida, aconselhou “ele” a mudar sua dieta
start exercising and quit smoking. He also prescribed
drugs to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. It was
sound advice, but in combing the medical literature,
the patient discovered that he needed to do more.
start exercising and quit smoking. He also prescribed
começar exercitar-se e parar de fumar. Ele também prescreveu
drugs to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. It was
remédios parar reduzir colesterol e pressão sanguinea. Foi
sound advice, but in combing the medical literature,
conselho eficaz, mas ao folhear a literautra médica
the patient discovered that he needed to do more.
o paciente descobriu que ele precisava fazer mais
Studies suggested that his risk of dying within six
months would be four times greater if he remained
depressed and lonely. So he joined a support group
Studies suggested that his risk of dying within six
estudos sugeriam que seu risco de morrer dentro de 6
months would be four times greater if he remained
meses seria quatro vezes maior se ele permanecesse
depressed and lonely. So he joined a support group
depressivo e solitário. Então ele se juntou (a) um grupo de apoio
and reordered his priorities, placing relationships at the top
of the list instead of the bottom. His health has improved
steadily since then, and so has his outlook on life.
and reordered his priorities, placing relationships at the top
e reordenou suas prioridades, colocando relacionamentos no topo
of the list instead of the bottom. His health has improved
da lista ao invés de na base. Sua saúde tem melhorado
steadily since then, and so has his outlook on life.
firmemente desde então, e assim sua visão de vida
In fact he now describes his heart attack as the
best thing that ever happened to him. “Yes, my arteries are
more open,” he says. “But even more important,
I´m more open.”
In fact he now describes his heart attack as the
De fato ele agora descreve seu ataque cardíaco como a
best thing that ever happened to him. “Yes, my arteries are
melhor coisa que já aconteceu a ele. “Sim, minhas artérias estão
more open,” he says. “But even more important,
mais abertas”, diz ele. “Mas até (mesmo) mais importante
I´m more open.”
Eu estou mais aberto.”
1. According to the text, the executive
a) actually refused to eat right, exercise and avoid
smoking.
b) seems to have increased his risk of early death.
c) agrees that medicine should focus primarily on
drugs.
d) declined new choices and priorities in his life.
e) went further in his search for recovery and health.
2 - The advice given by the doctor is defined
as sound. In other words, it
a) might be effective.
b) is reliable and effective.
c) is questionable
d) should be looked into.
e) must be deeply researched.
3 - The text focuses on the relevance of…
a) current scientific and technological advances.
b) studies carried out by obscure scientists.
c) preventive medicine in relation to some ailments.
d) a desirable change of attitude to life.
e) leading a healthy life in spite of loneliness.
SO FAR SO GOOD
(ATÉ AGORA TUDO BEM)
VAMOS PARA O PRÓXIMO SLIDE
E ANALISAR ALGUMAS
QUESTÕES DE PROVAS
ANTERIORES!
(Lógico professor, como é que podemos
analisar algumas questões de provas futuras?)
CAMPEÃO MUNDIAL
PELA FIFA
AGORA SIM. DEPOIS
DESSE COLÍRIO, OU
SEJA, O SÍMBOLO DO
GLORIOSO
CORINTHIANS,
VAMOS APRENDER
VALIOSAS DICAS PARA A
PROVA !