REPORTED SPEECH Estilo Indirecto

REPORTED SPEECH
Estilo Indirecto
Estilo directo: citamos as palabras exactas que unha persoa
empregou
Mary said: “I am tired”
Estilo indirecto: citamos as palabras que unha persoa
empregou de modo indirecto
Mary said that she was tired
REPORTED SPEECH
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STATEMENTS
(oracións enunciativas)
QUESTIONS
(oracións interrogativas)
ORDERS, SUGGESTIONS,
ADVICE,ETC
(ordes, suxerencias,
consellos, etc)
Reported Statements
(oracións enunciativas)
DIRECT SPEECH:
Mary says: “I am tired”
Mary said: “I am tired”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Mary says that she is tired
Verbo introductorio: present simple (says)
Verbo da oración indirecta: non varía o tempo (am > is)
Mary said that she was tired
Verbo introductorio: past simple (said)
Verbo da oración indirecta: varía o tempo (am > was)
SUBJECT + INTRO. VERB + (THAT) + REPORTED CLAUSE
VERBOS INTRODUCTORIOS
(statements)
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SAY: dicir
TELL: dicir
PERO TAMÉN:
ADMIT: admitir
ADVISE: aconsellar
ANNOUNCE: anunciar
ASSURE: asegurar
ENCOURAGE: animar
EXPLAIN: explicar
INFORM: informar
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INSIST: insistir
MENTION: mencionar
PERSUADE: convencer
POINT OUT: sinalar
PROMISE: prometer
RECOGNISE: recoñecer
REMARK: comentar
REMIND: lembrar
STATE: afirmar
WARN: avisar
CAMBIOS EN ORACIÓNS CON VERBO
INTRODUCTORIO EN PASADO
Tempos verbais
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Determinantes
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Adverbios
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Pronomes
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Posesivos
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Tempos verbais
Estilo directo: SIMPLE PRESENT
Mary said: “I am tired”
Estilo indirecto: SIMPLE PAST
Mary said that she was tired
Tempos verbais (cont.)
Estilo directo: PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Mary said: “I am having fun”
Estilo indirecto: PAST CONTINUOUS
Mary said that she was having fun
Tempos verbais (cont.)
Estilo directo: PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Mary said: “I have been ill”
Estilo indirecto: PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Mary said that she had been ill
Tempos verbais (cont.)
Estilo directo: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Mary said: “I have been studying ”
Estilo indirecto: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Mary said that she had been studying
Tempos verbais (cont.)
Estilo directo: PAST SIMPLE
Mary said: “I bought a present”
Estilo indirecto: PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Mary said that she had bought a present
Tempos verbais (cont.)
Estilo directo: PAST CONTINUOUS
Mary said: “I was watching”
Estilo indirecto: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Mary said that she had been watching
Tempos verbais (cont.)
Estilo directo: FUTURE
Mary said: “I will study”
Estilo indirecto: CONDITIONAL
Mary said that she would study
Tempos verbais (cont.)
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Can
May
Must
could
might
must / had to
non cambian
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Would, could, might, ought, should
Infinitivo
Past perfect
Conditional
OUTROS CAMBIOS
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HERE
NOW
THIS/THESE
TONIGHT
TODAY
TOMORROW
YESTERDAY
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THERE
THEN
THAT / THOSE
THAT NIGHT
THAT DAY
THE FOLLOWING DAY/ THE NEXT DAY
THE DAY BEFORE / THE PREVIOUS DAY
NON HAI CAMBIOS EN:
THERE, THAT, THOSE, THAT NIGHT, THAT DAY
Reported Questions
(oracións interrogativas)
Sofren os mesmos cambios anteriores
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O verbo introductorio debe reflectir que se trata dunha pregunta:
– Ask (preguntar)
– Inquire (preguntar)
– Request (pedir)
– Want to know (querer saber)
– Wonder (preguntarse)
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Non leva THAT, senón UN PRONOME INTERROGATIVO (o que aparece no estilo
directo): WHO, WHEN, WHERE, WHAT, WHICH, HOW, WHOSE…
She asked who it was
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No caso de non ter pronome interrogativo,
usamos IF ou WHETHER She asked if it was true
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Non se fai inversión do Suxeito + Auxiliar. Non se pon signo de interrogación
Mary asked: “ what does he do?”
Mary asked what he did
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Orders, Suggestions, Advice…
(ordes, suxerencias, consello)
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Adverbios, pronomes, posesivos, determinantes: cambian
Verbos introductorios:
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tell (mandar)
order (ordenar)
command (ordenar)
beg (rogar)
Invite (invitar)
Estilo directo: imperativo
Estilo indirecto: infinitivo
(negación do infinitivo : not to + verbo)
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He ordered: “go there”
He ordered me to go there
He said: “Don’t go”
He told me not to go
Suggest  that (should):he suggested that we should go there
 oración + verbo en –ing: he suggested going there
SOME LINKS for Reported Speech
exercises
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/
http://www.english-4u.de/grammar_exercises.htm
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_reported1.htm
http://esl.about.com/library/grammar/blgr_reportingverbs.htm
http://esl.about.com/od/gramma1/a/indirectques.htm