Créditos, sumário e índices

7
Edição brasileira
EDITOR
César Benjamin
REVISÃO TÉCNICA
Armando Celso Fabriani, Instituto Militar de Engenharia
Elon Lages Lima, Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada
Nelson Studart, Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Roberto de Andrade Martins, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
TRADUÇÃO
Armando Celso Fabriani
Carlos Almeida Pereira
Elisabeth Leal Ferreira Barbosa
Elisabeth Olinto Costa
Ethel Menezes Rocha
Laura de Vargas Roditi
Maria Cristina Guimarães Cupertino
Max Altman
Teresa Dias Carneiro
Tiago Jonas de Almeida
Vera Lima
Vera Ribeiro
Vera Yukie de Paula Assis
Vladimir Menezes Vieira
Yedo Soares de Figueiredo
Edição norte-americana
EDITOR
Charles Coulston Gillispie
CONSELHO EDITORIAL
A. I. Sabra, Warbug Institute, Londres
Carl B. Boyer, Brooklyn College
Cecil J. Schneer, Universidade de New Hampshire
Erwin N. Hiebert, Universidade de Wisconsin
Harry Woolf, Universidade Johns Hopkins
Leonard G. Wilson, Universidade de Minnesota
Marshall Clagett, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton
Robert Multhauf, Smithsonian Institution
Thomas S. Kuhn, Universidade Princeton
COMITÊ PARA O DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY
Cyril Stanley Smith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ernest Nagel, Universidade Colúmbia
Frederick Burkhardt, American Council of Learned Societies
Gerald Holton, Universidade Harvard
8
Henry Guerlac, Universidade Cornell
I. Bernard Cohen, Universidade Harvard
Lynn White, Jr., Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles
Richard H. Shryock, American Philosophical Society
CONSULTORES
A. P. Youschkevitch, Academia de Ciências da Rússia
A. Rupert Hall, Imperial College of Technology, Londres
Alistar C. Crombie, Universidade de Oxford
Allen G. Debus, Universidade de Chicago
Aydin Sayili, Universidade de Ankara
Bogdan Suchodolski, Academia de Ciências da Polônia
Brooke Hindle, Universidade de Nova York
Charles D. O’Malley, Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles
Christoph J. Scriba, Universidade Técnica de Berlim
Derek J. de Solla Price, Universidade Yale
Duane H. D. Roller, Universidade de Oklahoma
E. S. Kennedy, Universidade Americana de Beirute
Georges Canguilhem, Universidade de Paris
Giorgio de Santillana, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
J. B. Thornton, Universidade de New South Wales
J. R. Ravetz, Universidade de Leeds
John C. Greene, Universidade de Connecticut
John Murdoch, Universidade Harvard
Joseph E. Hofmann, Universidade de Tübingen
Karl Eduard Rothschuh, Universidade de Münster/Westfalen
L. Pearce Williams, Universidade Cornell
Marcel Florkin, Universidade de Liège
Maria Luisa Righini-Bonelli, Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florença
Mary B. Hesse, Universidade de Cambridge
Maurice Daumas, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris
Michael Hoskin, Universidade de Cambridge
Mirko D. Grmek, Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences, Paris
Nathan Sivin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Pierre Costabel, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris
Reijer Hooykaas, Universidade Livre, Amsterdã
René Taton, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris
Richard S. Westfall, Universidade de Indiana
Robert E. Schofield, Case Institute of Technology
Robert K. Merton, Universidade Colúmbia
S. Sambursky, Universidade Hebraica de Jerusalém
Shigeru Nakayama, Universidade de Tóquio
Sten H. Lindroth, Universidade de Uppsala
W. P. D. Wightman, King’s College, Aberdeen
9
SUMÁRIO
VOLUME I
29
Agradecimentos
31
Apresentação da edição brasileira
37
Abel, Niels Henrik [1802-1829]
Matemática | Oysten Ore
42
Agassiz, Louis [1807-1873]
Zoologia, geologia, paleontologia | Edward Lurie
45
Alberti, Leone Battista [1404-1472]
Matemática, física, filosofia natural | Bertrand Gille
47
Alembert, D’ [1717-1783]
Física, matemática | J. Morton Briggs
55
Alhazen [Ibn al-Haytham] [965-1040]
Óptica, astronomia, matemática | A. I. Sabra
76
Alpetrágio [al-Bitruji] [c. 1190]
Astronomia, filosofia natural | Julio Samsó
79
Ampère, André-Marie [1775-1836]
Matemática, química, física | L. Pearce Williams
87
Aquino, Santo Tomás de [c. 1225-1274]
Filosofia | William A. Wallace
91
Aristóteles [384-322 a.C.]
Filosofia, física, astronomia, biologia | G. E. L. Owen, D. M. Balme,
Leonard G. Wilson, L. Minio-Paluello
125
Arquimedes [c. 287-212 a.C.]
Matemática, mecânica | Marshall Clagett
143
Arrehnius, Svante [1859-1927]
Química, física | H. A. M. Snelders
149
Avempace [Ibn Bajja] [final do séc. XI -1138-1139]
Filosofia | Shlomo Pines
151
Averroes [Ibn Rushd] [1126-1198]
Astronomia, filosofia, medicina | Albert Izkandar
161
Avicena [Ibn Sina] [980-1037]
Filosofia, medicina | G. C. Anawati, Albert Z. Iskandar
168
Avogadro, Amedeo [1776-1856]
Física, química | M. P. Crosland
175
Babbage, Charles [1792-1871]
Matemática, lógica | Norman T. Gridgeman
177
Bachelard, Gaston [1884-1962]
Filosofia da ciência | F. Dagognet
10
179
Bacon, Francis [1561-1626]
Filosofia da ciência | Mary Hesse
183
Bacon, Roger [c. 1219-c. 1292]
Filosofia natural, óptica, astronomia | A. C. Crombie, J. D. North
191
Baghdadi, al- [Abu Mansur] [?-1037]
Matemática | A. S. Saidan
193
Banach, Stefan [1892-1945]
Matemática | Miroslav Katětov
194
Banu Musa (Muhammad, Ahmad e al-Hasan)
[início do séc. IX - 873 (Muhammad)]
Matemática, astronomia | J. al-Dabbagh
197
Bateson, William [1861-1926]
Biologia, genética | William Coleman
199
Becquerel, Henri [1852-1908]
Física | Alfred Romer
202
Bergson, Henri [1859-1941]
Filosofia | T. A. Goudge
206
Berkeley, George [1685-1753]
Filosofia da ciência | Gerd Buchdahl
209
Bernard, Claude [1813-1878]
Biologia, fisiologia, medicina | M. D. Grmek
219
Bernoulli, Daniel [1700-1782]
Matemática, física, medicina | Hans Straub
229
Bernoulli, Jakob I [1654-1705]
Matemática, mecânica, astronomia | J. E. Hofmann
234
Bernoulli, Jakob II [1759-1789]
Matemática | J. O. Fleckenstein
234
Bernoulli, Johann I [1667-1748]
Matemática | E. A Fellmann, J. O. Fleckenstein
238
Bernoulli, Johann II [1710-1790]
Matemática | J. O. Fleckenstein
239
Bernoulli, Johann III [1744-1807]
Matemática, astronomia | J. O. Fleckenstein
239
Bernoulli, Nikolaus I [1687-1759]
Matemática | J. O. Fleckenstein
240
Bernoulli, Nikolaus II [1695-1726]
Matemática | J. O. Fleckenstein
241
Berthelot, Marcellin [1827-1907]
Química | M. P. Crosland
249
Berthollet, Claude [1748-1822]
Química | Satish C. Kapoor
259
Berzelius, Jöns Jacob [1779-1848]
Química | Henry M. Leicester
11
266
Biruni, al- [973-depois de 1050]
Astronomia, matemática, geografia | E. S. Kennedy
276
Boas, Franz [1858-1942]
Antropologia | Fred W. Voget
283
Boécio [c. 480-524/525]
Lógica, matemática, filosofia | Lorenzo Minio-Paluello
290
Bohr, Niels [1885-1962]
Física, filosofia da ciência | Leon Rosenfeld
306
Boltzmann, Ludwig [1844-1906]
Física, matemática, termodinâmica | Stephen G. Brush
314
Bolyai, János [1802-1860]
Matemática | D. J. Struik
316
Bolzano, Bernard [1781-1848]
Filosofia, matemática, lógica | B. van Rootselaar
322
Boole, George [1815-1864]
Matemática, lógica | T. A. A. Broadbent
327
Born, Max [1882-1970]
Física | Armin Hermann
333
Bourbaki, Nicolas [século XX]
Matemática | R. P. Boas Jr.
334
Boyle, Robert [1627-1691]
Filosofia natural, física, química | Marie Boas Hall
340
Brahe, Tycho [1546-1601]
Astronomia | C. Doris Hellman
356
Breuer, Josef [1842-1925]
Medicina, fisiologia, psicologia | Paul F. Cranefield
361
Broca, Pierre Paul [1824-1880]
Medicina, antropologia | Edwin Clarke
362
Broglie, Maurice de [1875-1960]
Física | Adrienne R. Weil-Brunschvicg, John L. Heilbron
364
Brouwer, Luitzen [1881-1966]
Matemática | B. van Rootselaar
367
Brunelleschi, Filippo [1377-1446]
Matemática, arquitetura, engenharia | Bertrand Gille
368
Bruno, Giordano [1548-1600]
Filosofia | Frances A. Yates
373
Brunschvicg, Léon [1869-1944]
Filosofia | Yvon Belaval
375
Buffon, conde de [1707-1788]
Filosofia natural | Jacques Roger
381
Buridan, Jean [c. 1295-c. 1358]
Filosofia, lógica, física | Ernest A. Moody
12
387
Campanella, Tommaso [1568-1639]
Filosofia natural | Charles B. Schmitt
389
Cannon, Walter [1871-1945]
Biologia, fisiologia | Saul Benison, A. Clifford Barger
395
Cantor, Georg [1845-1918]
Matemática | H. Meschkowski
402
Cardano, Girolamo [1501-1576]
Medicina, matemática, física, filosofia | Mario Gliozzi
405
Carnot, Lazare [1753-1823]
Matemática, engenharia, mecânica | Charles C. Gillispie
414
Carnot, Sadi [1796-1832]
Física, termodinâmica | James F. Challey
420
Cartan, Élie [1869-1951]
Matemática | Jean Dieudonné
422
Cauchy, Augustin-Louis [1789-1857]
Matemática, física, astronomia | Hans Freudenthal
440
Cavalieri, Bonaventura [c. 1598-1647]
Matemática | Ettore Carruccio
444
Cavendish, Henry [1731-1810]
Filosofia natural | Russel McCormmach
448
Cayley, Arthur [1821-1895]
Matemática, astronomia | J. D. North
456
Chagas, Carlos [1879-1934]
Medicina | Carlos Chagas Filho
458
Charcot, Jean-Martin [1825-1893]
Medicina | Andrée Tétry
459
Chaucer, Geoffrey [1343/1344 - 1400]
Astronomia | Derek J. de Solla Price
459
Chebyshev, Pafnuty [1821-1894]
Matemática | A. P. Youschkevitch
470
Chetverikov, Sergei [1880-1959]
Biologia, genética, evolução, entomologia | Mark B. Adams
479
Ch’in Chiu-shao [c. 1202-1261]
Matemática | Ho Peng-Yoke
487
Chu Shih-chieh [c. 1280-1303]
Matemática | Ho Peng Yoke
492
Clapeyron, Émile [1799-1864]
Engenharia, termodinâmica | Milton Kerker
493
Clausius, Rudolf [1822-1888]
Física, termodinâmica | Edward E. Daub
502
Clifford, William [1845-1879]
Matemática | John D. North
13
503
Colombo, Cristóvão [1451-1506]
Geografia | Os Editores
506
Comenius, John Amos [1592-1670]
Filosofia | Hans Aarsleff
510
Compton, Arthur [1892-1962]
Física | Robert S. Shankland
516
Comte, Auguste [1798-1857]
Filosofia, sociologia | Laurens Laudan
522
Condamine, La [1701-1774]
Matemática, filosofia natural | Yves Laissus
525
Condorcet, marquês de [1743-1794]
Matemática | Gilles Granger
531
Copérnico, Nicolau [1473-1543]
Astronomia | Edward Rosen
541
Coulomb, Charles [1736-1806]
Física, mecânica | C. Stewart Gillmor
549
Cruz, Oswaldo [1872-1917]
Medicina | Nancy Stepan
551
Curie, Marie [1867-1934]
Física | Adrienne R. Weill
557
Curie, Pierre [1859-1906]
Física | Jean Wyart
563
Dalton, John [1766-1844]
Física, química | Arnold Thackray
574
Darwin, Charles [1809-1882]
Biologia, evolução, geologia | Gavin de Beer
587
Davy, Humphry [1778-1829]
Química | David M. Knight
593
Dedekind, Richard [1831-1916]
Matemática | Kurt-R. Biermann
598
Descartes, René [1596-1650]
Filosofia, matemática, física, fisiologia |
Alistar C. Crombie, Michael S. Mahoney, Theodore M. Brown
613
Diderot, Denis [1713-1784]
Filosofia | Charles Coulston Gillispie
619
Diofanto de Alexandria [c. 250 d.C.]
Matemática | Kurt Vogel, Jacques Sesiano
631
Dirac, Paul [1902-1984]
Física, cosmologia | Olivier Darrigol
641
Dirichlet, Gustav [1805-1859]
Matemática | Oystein Ore
645
Dobzhansky, Theodosius [1900-1975]
Biologia, genética, evolução | Francisco J. Ayala
14
653
Duhem, Pierre [1861-1916]
Física, química, filosofia da ciência | Donald G. Miller
663
Dumas, Jean-Baptiste [1800-1884]
Química | Satish C. Kapoor
669
Dürer, Albrecht [1471-1528]
Matemática | Max Steck
672
Ehrlich, Paul [1854-1915]
Biologia, imunologia | Claude E. Dolman
681
Einstein, Albert [1879-1955]
Física, cosmologia | Martin J. Klein, Nandor L. Balazs
704
Empédocles de Agrigento [c. 492-c. 432 a.C.]
Filosofia | Alexander P. D. Maurelatos
706
Euclides [c. 295 a.C.]
Matemática | Ivor Bulmer-Thomas, John Murdoch
751
Euler, Leonhard [1707-1783]
Matemática, mecânica, astronomia, física | A. P. Youschkevitch
768
Ewing, Maurice [1906-1974]
Geofísica | Henry Frankel
773
Fabrizio, Geronimo [c. 1533-1619]
Medicina, anatomia, fisiologia | Bruno Zanobio
778
Farabi, al- [c. 870-950]
Filosofia | Muhsin Mahdi, O. Wright
782
Faraday, Michael [1791-1867]
Química, física | L. Pearce Williams
795
Farghani, al- [?-depois de 861]
Astronomia | A. I. Sabra
799
Fermat, Pierre de [1601-1665]
Matemática | Michael S. Mahoney
810
Fermi, Enrico [1901-1954]
Física | Emilio Segrè
817
Ferro, Scipione [1465-1526]
Matemática | Arnaldo Masotti
819
Fibonacci, Leonardo [c. 1170-depois de 1240]
Matemática | Kurt Vogel
829
Fisher, Ronald [1890-1962]
Biologia, genética, estatística | Norman T. Gridgeman
833
Fleming, Alexander [1881-1955]
Medicina | Claude E. Dolman
835
Fludd, Robert [1574-1637]
Alquimia, medicina | Allen G. Debus
838
Fourier, Jean Baptiste [1768-1830]
Matemática, física | Jerome R. Ravetz, I. Grattan-Guinness
15
844
Franklin, Benjamin [1706-1790]
Física | I. Bernard Cohen
855
Frazer, James [1854-1941]
Antropologia | Diana M. Simpkins
857
Frege, Gottlob [1848-1925]
Lógica, matemática | B. van Rootselaar
860
Fresnel, Augustin [1788-1827]
Física, óptica | Robert H. Silliman
866
Freud, Sigmund [1856-1939]
Psicologia | Peter Amacher
877
Friedmann, Aleksandr [1888-1925]
Matemática, física, cosmologia | A. T. Grigorian
879
Frisch, Karl von [1886-1982]
Zoologia, etologia | Richard W. Burkhardt Jr.
887
Índice onomástico
893
Índice de disciplinas
17
VOLUME II
925
Agradecimentos
927
Apresentação da edição brasileira
933
Gabor, Dennis [1900-1979]
Física, engenharia | S. T. Keith
937
Galeno [129/130 d.C.-199/200 d.C.]
Medicina | Fridolf Kudlien, Leonard G. Wilson
948
Galileu [1564-1642]
Física, astronomia | Stillman Drake
961
Gall, Franz Joseph [1758-1828]
Medicina, psicologia | Robert M. Young
967
Galois, Evariste [1811-1832]
Matemática | René Taton
972
Galton, Francis [1822-1911]
Estatística, psicologia | Norman T. Gridgeman
974
Galvani, Luigi [1737-1798]
Fisiologia, física | Theodore M. Brown
976
Gassendi, Pierre [1592-1655]
Filosofia, astronomia | Bernard Rochot
982
Gauss, Carl Friedrich [1777-1855]
Matemática | Kenneth O. May
999
Gay-Lussac [1778-1850]
Química, física | M. P. Crosland
1010
Germain, Sophie [1776-1831]
Matemática | Edna E. Kramer
1012
Gibbs, Josiah Willard [1839-1903]
Física | Martin J. Klein
1019
Gilbert, William [1544-1603]
Filosofia natural | Suzanne Kelly
1024
Gödel, Kurt [1906-1978]
Lógica, matemática | Gregory H. Moore
1034
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von [1749-1832]
Filosofia natural, geologia, óptica | George A. Wells
1039
Habash al-Hasib [?-864/874]
Matemática, astronomia | S. Tekeli
1047
Hadamard, Jacques [1865-1963]
Matemática | S. Mandelbrojt
1049
Haeckel, Ernst [1834-1919]
Zoologia | Georg Uschmann
1054
Hahnemann, Samuel [1755-1843]
Medicina | Daniel P. Jones
18
1055
Haldane, John [1892-1964]
Biologia, genética | Ronald W. Clark
1058
Halley, Edmond [1656?-1743]
Astronomia, geofísica | Colin A. Ronan
1064
Hamilton, William Rowan [1805-1865]
Matemática, óptica, mecânica | Thomas L. Hankins
1073
Harvey, William [1578-1657]
Medicina | Jerome J. Bylebyl
1086
Heisenberg, Werner [1901-1976]
Física | David C. Cassidy
1094
Helmholtz, Hermann von [1821-1894]
Fisiologia, física, óptica, filosofia da ciência | R. Steven Turner
1107
Heráclito de Éfeso [c. 500 a.C.]
Filosofia | David J. Furley
1109
Hertz, Heinrich [1857-1894]
Física | Russel McCormmach
1119
Hilbert, David [1862-1943]
Matemática | Hans Freudenthal
1127
Hiparco [primeiro quarto do século II a.C.-depois de 127 a.C.]
Astronomia, matemática, geografia | G. J. Toomer
1142
Hipátia [c. 370-415]
Matemática, filosofia | Edna E. Kramer
1143
Hipócrates de Cós [460 a.C.-c. 370 a.C.]
Medicina | Robert Joly
1155
Hobbes, Thomas [1588-1679]
Filosofia, óptica | Samuel I. Mintz
1162
Hopf, Heinz [1894-1971]
Matemática | Hans Freudenthal
1164
Hubble, Edwin [1889-1953]
Astronomia, cosmologia | G. J. Whitrow
1169
Humboldt, Alexander von [1769-1859]
Geografia, filosofia natural | Kurt-R. Biermann
1175
Hume, David [1711-1776]
Filosofia | John Passmore
1181
Hunayn ibn Ishaq [808-873]
Medicina, filosofia | G. C. Anawati, Albert Z. Iskandar
1198
Huxley, Thomas [1825-1895]
Zoologia, evolução, paleontologia | Wesley C. Williams
1207
Huygens, Christiaan [1629-1695]
Matemática, física, óptica, astronomia | H. J. M. Bos
1223
Ikhwan al-Safa
Filosofia | Yves Marquet
19
1225
Jabir ibn Hayyan [final do século VIII e início do século IX]
Alquimia | M. Plessner
1229
Jacobi, Carl Gustav [1804-1851]
Matemática | Christoph J. Scriba
1235
Jefferson, Thomas [1743-1826]
Botânica, paleontologia | Silvio A. Bedini
1238
Jenner, Edward [1749-1823]
Medicina | Leonard G. Wilson
1240
Jordan, Pascual [1902-1980]
Física | Karl von Meyenn
1246
Joule, James [1818-1889]
Física | L. Rosenfeld
1248
Jung, Carl Gustav [1875-1961]
Psicologia | Michael Fordham
1253
Kamal al-Din [?-1320]
Óptica, matemática | Roshdi Rashed
1260
Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike [1853-1926]
Física | J. van den Handel
1262
Kant, Immanuel [1724-1804]
Filosofia | James W. Ellington
1274
Karaji, al- [final do século X e início do século XI]
Matemática | Roshdi Rashed
1280
Karpinsky, Alexandr [1847-1936]
Geofísica | Irina V. Batyushkova
1285
Kashi, al- [?-1429]
Astronomia, matemática | A. P. Youschkevitch, B. A. Rosenfeld
1292
Kekulé [1829-1896]
Química | Jean Gillis
1297
Kelvin, lorde [William Thomson] [1824-1907]
Física | Jed Z. Buchwald
1310
Kepler, Johannes [1571-1630]
Astronomia | Owen Gingerich
1334
Keynes, John Maynard [1883-1946]
Economia | Roy Forbes Harrod
1337
Khayyami, al- [Omar Khayyam] [1048?-1131?]
Matemática, astronomia, filosofia | A. P. Youschkevitch,
B. A. Rosenfeld
1347
Khazini, al- [c. 1115-c. 1130]
Astronomia, mecânica | Robert E. Hall
1363
Kindi, al- [c. 801-c. 866]
Filosofia | Jean Jolivet, Roshdi Rashed
1369
Klein, Felix [1849-1925]
Matemática | Werner Burau, Bruno Schoeneberg
20
1373
Koch, Robert [1843-1910]
Medicina | Claude E. Dolman
1388
Koyré, Alexandre [1892-1964]
Filosofia da ciência | Charles C. Gillispie
1396
Krebs, Hans Adolf [1900-1981]
Biologia, bioquímica | Frederic L. Holmes
1405
Lagrange, Joseph Louis [1736-1813]
Matemática, astronomia, mecânica | Jean Itard
1420
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste [1744-1829]
Evolução, botânica, zoologia | Leslie J. Burlingame
1431
Laplace, Pierre-Simon [1749-1827]
Astronomia, matemática, física | Charles Coulston Gillispie
1557
Lavoisier [1743-1794]
Química | Henry Guerlac
1583
Lebesgue, Henri Léon [1875-1941]
Matemática | Thomas Hawkins
1585
Legendre, Adrien-Marie [1752-1833]
Matemática | Jean Itard
1594
Leibniz [1646-1716]
Matemática, lógica, filosofia | Frederick Kreiling, Jürgen Mittelstrass,
Eric J. Aiton, Joseph E. Hofmann
1615
Leonardo da Vinci [1452-1519]
Anatomia, mecânica, matemática, geologia | Charles C. Gillispie,
Kenneth D. Keele, Ladislao Reti, Marshall Clagett, Augusto Marinoni,
Cecil J. Schneer
1667
Li Chih [1192-1279]
Matemática | Ho Peng-Yoke
1674
Li Shih-Chen [1518-1593]
Medicina | N. Sivin
1680
Lie, Sophus [1842-1899]
Matemática | Hans Freudenthal
1684
Liebig, Justus von [1803-1873]
Química | Frederic L. Holmes
1706
Linnaeus, Carl [1707-1778]
Botânica, zoologia, geologia | Sten Lindroth
1713
Liouville, Joseph [1809-1882]
Matemática | René Taton
1719
Liu Hui [c. 250 d.C.]
Matemática | Ho Peng-Yoke
1725
Lobachevsky, Nikolai [1792-1856]
Matemática | B. A. Rosenfeld
1732
Locke, John [1632-1704]
Filosofia | Maurice Cranston
21
1736
Lorentz, Hendrik [1853-1928]
Física | Russell McCormmach
1749
Lyapunov, Aleksandr [1857-1918]
Matemática, mecânica | A. T. Grigorian
1753
Lyell, Charles [1797-1875]
Geologia, biologia | Leonard G. Wilson
1769
Índice onomástico
1775
Índice de disciplinas
23
VOLUME III
1807
Agradecimentos
1809
Apresentação da edição brasileira
1815
Mach, Ernst [1838-1916]
Física, fisiologia, psicologia | Erwin N. Hiebert
1827
Maimônides [1135/1138-1204]
Medicina, filosofia | Shlomo Pines
1832
Malebranche, Nicolas [1638-1715]
Filosofia | Pierre Costabel
1839
Malpighi, Marcello [1628-1694]
Medicina, anatomia | Luigi Belloni
1843
Malthus, Thomas [1766-1834]
Economia, demografia | Diana M. Simpkins
1848
Marconi, Guglielmo [1874-1937]
Engenharia, física | Robert A. Chipman
1849
Markov, Andrei Andreevich [1856-1922]
Matemática | Alexander A. Youschkevitch
1855
Martius, Von [1794-1868]
Botânica, zoologia | A. P. M. Sanders
1856
Maupertuis [1698-1759]
Matemática, biologia, física | Bentley Glass
1860
Maxwell, James Clerk [1831-1879]
Física | C. W. F. Everitt
1893
Mendel, Gregor [1822-1884]
Genética | V. Kruta, V. Orel
1901
Mendeleev, Dmitry [1834-1907]
Química | B. M. Kedrov
1910
Mersenne, Marin [1588-1648]
Filosofia natural, mecânica, óptica | A. C. Crombie
1917
Mesmer, Franz Anton [1734-1815]
Medicina | Robert Darnton
1919
Meyer, Lothar [1830-1895]
Química | Otto Theodor Benfey
1925
Minkowski, Hermann [1864-1909]
Matemática | J. Dieudonné
1928
Monod, Jacques [1910-1976]
Biologia, bioquímica | Bernardino Fantini
1941
Morgan, Thomas [1866-1945]
Biologia, genética | Garland E. Allen
1954
Napier, John [1550-1617]
Matemática | Margaret E. Baron
24
1958
Nernst, Walther [1864-1941]
Química, física, termodinâmica | Erwin N. Hiebert
1979
Neumann, Johann von [1903-1957]
Matemática, física | J. Dieudonné
1983
Newton, Isaac [1642-1727]
Matemática, física, astronomia, óptica, filosofia natural |
I. Bernard Cohen
2044
Nicolau de Cusa [c. 1401-1464]
Filosofia, matemática | J. E. Hoffmann
2048
Noether, Emmy [1882-1935]
Matemática | Edna E. Kramer
2050
Nostradamus, Michael [1503-1566]
Medicina | Edward Rosen
2052
Oersted, Hans Christian [1777-1851]
Física | L. Pearce Williams
2056
Ohm, Georg [1789-1854]
Física | Kenneth L. Caneva
2064
Oparin, Aleksandr [1894-1980]
Biologia, química | Mark B. Adams
2069
Oppenheimer, Robert [1904-1967]
Física | Rudolf Peierls
2074
Ostwald, Wilhelm [1853-1932]
Física, química, filosofia da ciência | Erwin N. Hiebert,
Hans-Günther Körber
2088
Pappus de Alexandria [entre 300 e 350 d.C.]
Matemática, astronomia, geografia | Ivor Bulmer-Thomas
2098
Paracelso [1493/1494-1541]
Medicina, filosofia natural, alquimia | Walter Pagel
2107
Pascal, Blaise [1623-1662]
Matemática, física, filosofia | René Taton
2119
Pasteur, Louis [1822-1895]
Biologia, química | Gerald L. Geison
2190
Pauli, Wolfgang [1900-1958]
Física | M. Fierz
2194
Pavlov, Ivan [1849-1936]
Fisiologia, psicologia | N. A. Grigorian
2199
Peano, Giuseppe [1858-1932]
Matemática, lógica | Hubert C. Kennedy
2203
Pearson, Karl [1857-1936]
Matemática, estatística | Churchill Eisenhart
2229
Peirce, Charles [1839-1914]
Lógica, matemática, filosofia | Carolyn Eisele
2236
Peregrinus, Peter [c. 1269]
Filosofia natural | Edward Grant
25
2243
Perrin, Jean Baptiste [1870-1942]
Física, química | Roger H. Stuewer
2244
Pinel, Philippe [1745-1826]
Medicina | Pierre Chabbert
2247
Pitágoras [c. 560 a.C.-c. 480 a.C.]
Matemática, astronomia | Kurt von Fritz
2253
Planck, Max [1858-1947]
Física | Hans Kangro
2263
Platão [427 a.C.-348/347 a.C.]
Filosofia | D. J. Allan
2272
Poincaré, Henri [1854-1912]
Matemática, física, astronomia | Jean Dieudonné
2282
Poisson, Siméon-Denis [1781-1840]
Física, matemática | Pierre Costabel
2292
Pope, William [1870-1939]
Química | Frederick George Mann
2299
Priestley, Joseph [1733-1804]
Química, física, filosofia natural | Robert E. Schofield
2308
Proust, Joseph Louis [1754-1826]
Química | Seymour Mauskopf
2314
Ptolomeu [c. 100 d.C.-c. 170 d.C.]
Matemática, astronomia | G. J. Toomer
2334
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi [1236-1311]
Óptica, astronomia, medicina, filosofia | Seyyed Hossein Nasr
2340
Rabelais, François [1494?-1553?]
Medicina | Pierre Huard, Marie-José Imbault-Huart
2341
Ramanujan, Srinivasa Aaiyangar [1887-1920]
Matemática | Oysten Ore
2343
Rayleigh, quarto barão [Robert John Strutt] [1875-1947]
Física | Thadeus J. Trenn
2344
Rayleigh, terceiro barão [John William Strutt] [1842-1919]
Física | R. B. Lindsay
2350
Réaumur, René-Antoine [1683-1757]
Filosofia natural, biologia, física | J. B. Gough
2358
Riemann, Bernhard [1826-1866]
Matemática | Hans Freudenthal
2368
Röntgen, Wilhelm [1845-1923]
Física | G. L’E Turner
2371
Rumford, conde [Benjamin Thompson] [1753-1814]
Física | Sanborn C. Brown
2373
Russell, Bertrand [1872-1970]
Matemática, lógica, filosofia da ciência | T. A. A. Broadbent
26
2382
Rutherford, Ernest [1871-1937]
Física, química | Lawrence Badash
2393
Saccheri, Giovanni Girolamo [1667-1733]
Matemática | D. J. Struik
2395
Saint-Hilaire, Étienne Geoffroy [1772-1844]
Zoologia | Franck Bourdier
2398
Saint-Hilaire, Isidore Geoffroy [1805-1861]
Zoologia | Franck Bourdier
2400
Samawal, al- [?-c. 1180]
Matemática, medicina | Adel Anbouba
2403
Schelling, Frederick [1775-1854]
Filosofia | Edith Selow
2407
Schliemann, Heinrich [1822-1890]
Arqueologia | Glyn Daniel
2410
Schrödinger, Erwin [1887-1961]
Física, cosmologia | Armin Hermann
2416
Schwarzschild, Karl [1873-1916]
Astronomia | Sally H. Dieke
2422
Shatir, Ibn al- [c. 1305-c. 1375]
Astronomia | David A. King
2428
Shen Kua [1031-1095]
Astronomia | N. Sivin
2451
Sommerfeld, Arnold [1868-1951]
Física, matemática | Paul Forman, Armin Hermann
2458
Spencer, Herbert [1820-1903]
Filosofia, sociologia | J. D. Y. Peel
2460
Stahl, Georg Ernst [1659/1660-1734]
Medicina, química | Lester S. King
2467
Stokes, George [1819-1903]
Física, matemática | E. M. Parkinson
2472
Sufi, al- [903-986]
Astronomia | Paul Kunitzsch
2474
Tales de Mileto [625 a.C.?-547 a.C.?]
Filosofia | James Longrigg
2477
Tartaglia, Niccolò [1499/1500-1557]
Matemática, mecânica | Arnaldo Masotti
2480
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre [1881-1955]
Paleontologia, geologia, filosofia | Thomas F. Glick
2483
Telesio, Bernardino [1509-1588]
Filosofia natural | Neal W. Gilbert
2486
Thabit ibn Qurra [836-901]
Matemática, astronomia, medicina, filosofia |
B. A. Rosenfeld, A. T. Grigorian
27
2492
Torricelli, Evangelista [1608-1647]
Matemática, física | Mario Gliozzi
2499
Turgot [1727-1781]
Economia, filosofia | Rhoda Rappaport
2502
Turing, Alan [1912-1954]
Matemática, lógica | B. van Rootselaar
2503
Tusi, al- [Nasir al-Din] [1201-1274]
Astronomia, matemática, filosofia | Seyyed Hossein Nasr
2508
Van’t Hoff, Jacobus [1852-1911]
Física, química | H. A. M. Snelders
2514
Vavilov, Nikolay [1887-1943]
Botânica, genética | Mark B. Adams
2522
Vernadsky, Vladimir [1863-1945]
Mineralogia, biogeoquímica | I. A. Fedoseyev
2525
Vesálio, André [1514-1564]
Medicina | C. D. O’Malley
2533
Viète, François [1540-1603]
Matemática | H. L. L. Busard
2541
Virchow, Rudolf [1821-1902]
Antropologia, medicina | Guenter B. Risse
2545
Vitrúvio [início do séc. I a.C.-c. 25 a.C.]
Arquitetura | John Ward-Perkins, Derek de Sola Price, G. J. Toomer
2552
Volta, Alessandro [1745-1827]
Física | J. L. Heilbron
2565
Voltaire [1694-1778]
Filosofia | Charles C. Gillispie
2568
Volterra, Vito [1860-1940]
Matemática, filosofia natural | E. Volterra
2570
Vries, Hugo de [1848-1935]
Biologia, genética, botânica | Peter W. van der Pas
2579
Wallace, Alfred Russel [1823-1913]
Biologia, evolução, filosofia | H. Lewis McKinney
2587
Wang Hsi-shan [1628-1682]
Astronomia | Nathan Sivin
2596
Watt, James [1736-1819]
Engenharia, química | Harold Dorn
2599
Wegener, Alfred Lothar [1880-1930]
Geofísica | K. E. Bullen
2601
Weierstrass, Karl [1815-1897]
Matemática | Kurt-R. Biermann
2607
Weismann, August [1834-1914]
Zoologia | Gloria Robinson
28
2613
Weyl, Hermann [1885-1955]
Matemática, física | J. Dieudonné
2617
Whitehead, Alfred North [1861-1947]
Matemática, lógica, física, filosofia | William A. Barker,
Karel L. de Bouvère, SCJ, James W. Felt, SJ
2625
Wien, Carl [1864-1928]
Física, filosofia da ciência | Hans Kangro
2630
Wiener, Norbert [1894-1964]
Matemática | Hans Freudenthal
2634
William de Ockham [c. 1285-1349]
Filosofia | Ernest A. Moody
2638
Wilson, Edmund [1856-1939]
Biologia | Garland E. Allen
2652
Wittgenstein, Ludwig [1889-1951]
Filosofia, lógica | Max Black
2654
Wren, Christopher [1632-1723]
Matemática, arquitetura | J. F. Scott
2656
Yang Hui [c. 1261/1275]
Matemática | Ho Peng-Yoke
2663
Young, Thomas [1773-1829]
Filosofia natural, óptica | Edgar W. Morse
2673
Yukawa, Hideki [1907-1981]
Física | Laurie M. Brown
2680
Yunus, Ibn [?-1009]
Astronomia, matemática | David A. King
2685
Zermelo [1871-1953]
Matemática | B. van Rootselaar
2689
Índice onomástico
2695
Índice de disciplinas
887
ÍNDICE ONOMÁSTICO
Abel, Niels Henrik 37, 319, 424, 454, 466, 595, 638, 643, 839, 967,
989, 1071, 1121, 1230, 1371, 1544, 1588, 1681, 1715, 1980,
2274, 2359, 2602
Agassiz, Louis 42, 584, 769, 1173, 1204, 1283, 1942, 2230
Alberti, Leone Battista 45, 368, 669, 1657, 2548
Alembert, D’ 47, 224, 253, 318, 409, 428, 452, 525, 613, 754, 990,
1234, 1407, 1433, 1557, 1590, 1605, 1743, 1752, 1822, 1832,
2501
Alhazen [Ibn al-Haytham] 55, 136, 186, 196, 626, 733, 1253,
1276, 1343, 1348, 1366, 1726, 2331, 2335, 2400, 2423, 2488,
2683
Alpetrágio [al-Bitruji] 76, 152, 187
Ampère, André-Marie 79, 170, 414, 518, 548, 572, 664, 788, 861,
1105, 1293, 1500, 1714, 1739, 1866, 2055, 2283, 2345
Aquino, Santo Tomás de 87, 119, 151, 368, 387, 400, 502, 1831,
2443, 2634
Aristóteles 56, 76, 87, 91, 149, 152, 161, 180, 184, 283, 324, 336,
341, 369, 374, 382, 387, 404, 503, 506, 518, 520, 531, 599, 704,
707, 729, 775, 778, 836, 941, 949, 977, 1020, 1024, 1035, 1073,
1107, 1144, 1160, 1170, 1181, 1224, 1227, 1254, 1319, 1340,
1356, 1363, 1390, 1574, 1594, 1621, 1675, 1710, 1733, 1754,
1827, 1832, 1839, 1910, 1984, 2045, 2100, 2110, 2248, 2264,
2316, 2337, 2356, 2393, 2396, 2443, 2461, 2474, 2484, 2489,
2497, 2507, 2532, 2588, 2618, 2635, 2640
Arquimedes 46, 61, 94, 125, 188, 195, 222, 271, 404, 440, 532,
600, 626, 670, 706, 730, 800, 824, 949, 983, 1010, 1128, 1210,
1229, 1288, 1317, 1339, 1351, 1393, 1611, 1622, 1720, 1822,
1835, 1992, 2047, 2088, 2113, 2329, 2394, 2478, 2486, 2492,
2504, 2537, 2549
Arrehnius, Svante 143, 657, 676, 1902, 1959, 2074, 2418, 2513,
2573
Avempace [Ibn Bajja] 89, 149, 158, 386, 1365, 1828
Averroes [Ibn Rushd] 76, 88, 111, 149, 151, 165, 185, 734, 779,
1365, 1830, 2484
Avicena [Ibn Sina] 57, 90, 111, 149, 153, 161, 186, 267, 479, 731,
779, 1183, 1253, 1340, 1355, 1365, 1828, 2099, 2334, 2503, 2636
Avogadro, Amedeo 81, 168, 497, 514, 570, 664, 684, 1002, 1293,
1920, 1961, 2243, 2387, 2512, 2556
Babbage, Charles 175, 572
Bachelard, Gaston 177, 375, 844, 1151, 2290
Bacon, Francis 52, 94, 179, 207, 335, 372, 402, 510, 518, 599,
1020, 1073, 1156, 1209, 1395, 1598, 1732, 1911, 1997, 2064,
2302, 2566, 2640, 2655
Bacon, Roger 63, 78, 89, 121, 138, 183, 738, 846, 1366, 2236, 2331
Baghdadi, al- [Abu Mansur] 191
Banach, Stefan 193, 365, 1980, 2632
Banu Musa 136, 194, 824, 1355, 1363, 2681
Bateson, William 197, 472, 1057, 1947, 2220, 2515, 2576, 2639
Becquerel, Henri 199, 553, 558, 1908, 2058, 2279, 2383
Bergson, Henri 202, 374, 1389, 1738, 2481
Berkeley, George 206, 317, 588, 1065, 1176, 1206, 1265, 1823,
2012, 2233, 2640
Bernard, Claude 209, 242, 392, 518, 1706, 2143, 2645
Bernoulli, Daniel 48, 79, 219, 234, 237, 240, 408, 429, 546, 644,
752, 840, 843, 1095, 1211, 1407, 1590, 1609, 1822, 1856, 1870,
2056, 2228, 2302
Bernoulli, Jakob I 48, 177, 219, 229, 234, 239, 429, 468, 751, 840,
983, 1211, 1231, 1437, 1610, 1635, 1850, 1856, 2056, 2113,
2291, 2342
Os ensaios sobre cada pensador estão indicados em negrito.
Bernoulli, Jakob II 48, 234, 429, 840, 1211, 2056
Bernoulli, Johann I 48, 219, 229, 234, 238, 239, 240, 429, 751,
840, 1211, 1231, 1406, 1610, 1716, 1835, 1857, 1994, 2056
Bernoulli, Johann II 48, 219, 238, 239, 429, 546, 840, 1211, 2056
Bernoulli, Johann III 48, 226, 239, 429, 840, 1211, 1409, 2056
Bernoulli, Nikolaus I 48, 225, 229, 236, 239, 429, 840, 1211, 2009,
2056
Bernoulli, Nikolaus II 48, 219, 229, 240, 429, 751, 840, 1211,
1609, 2056
Berthelot, Marcellin 216, 241, 554, 654, 947, 1098, 1226, 1960,
2078, 2097, 2150
Berthollet, Claude 81, 170, 249, 260, 422, 568, 668, 1000, 1416,
1432, 1570, 1920, 2076, 2309, 2597
Berzelius, Jöns Jacob 170, 259, 590, 665, 787, 1002, 1686, 1901,
1920, 2081, 2131, 2311
Biruni, al- 61, 138, 266, 797, 1040, 1286, 1348, 2335, 2474, 2487,
2505, 2682
Boas, Franz 276
Boécio 91, 111, 138, 184, 283, 459, 669, 735, 2045, 2332
Bohr, Niels 290, 329, 363, 513, 632, 687, 814, 1086, 1240, 1747,
1973, 2190, 2259, 2347, 2386, 2412, 2454, 2674
Boltzmann, Ludwig 144, 306, 499, 684, 1016, 1097, 1112, 1260,
1738, 1818, 1875, 1959, 2078, 2243, 2254, 2278, 2410, 2452,
2628, 2686
Bolyai, János 314, 317, 451, 710, 985, 1370, 1592, 1729, 2367
Bolzano, Bernard 316, 410, 427, 596, 859, 1391, 2231
Boole, George 322, 449, 658, 857, 1439, 1606, 1881, 2200, 2232,
2376, 2619
Born, Max 297, 327, 632, 658, 688, 811, 935, 1086, 1127, 1241,
1744, 1968, 2070, 2192, 2296, 2413, 2419, 2455
Bourbaki, Nicolas 333, 972, 1420, 1716, 2119
Boyle, Robert 83, 207, 229, 334, 564, 664, 706, 845, 980, 1085,
1161, 1178, 1209, 1513, 1561, 1562, 1595, 1733, 1906, 1984,
2106, 2112, 2300, 2512, 2523, 2656
Brahe, Tycho 340, 539, 950, 977, 1315, 1956, 2331, 2436, 2492,
2588
Breuer, Josef 356, 867
Broca, Pierre Paul 361, 966
Broglie, Maurice de 300, 362, 1978, 2392
Brouwer, Luitzen 311, 364, 398, 1029, 1125, 1162, 2273, 2376,
2615
Brunelleschi, Filippo 45, 367, 1630
Bruno, Giordano 368, 506, 837, 980, 1023, 1910, 2406, 2497
Brunschvicg, Léon 373, 1389, 1914, 2117
Buffon, conde de 79, 375, 519, 523, 527, 564, 617, 849, 1035,
1236, 1421, 1503, 1559, 1712, 2030, 2354, 2396, 2399, 2499
Buridan, Jean 89, 381, 536, 656, 1651
Campanella, Tommaso 387, 510, 1910
Cannon, Walter 217, 389, 1767
Cantor, Georg 235, 311, 320, 365, 395, 596, 626, 842, 1027, 1120,
1391, 1715, 2231, 2281, 2377, 2605, 2619, 2686
Cardano, Girolamo 37, 402, 479, 628, 817, 827, 958, 1608, 1635,
2401, 2478, 2525, 2536
Carnot, Lazare 405, 414, 423, 842, 1416, 1504
Carnot, Sadi 405, 414, 492, 495, 842, 1013, 1097, 1297, 1500,
1969, 2183, 2289, 2598
Cartan, Élie 333, 420, 1683, 1980, 2274, 2367, 2616
Cauchy, Augustin-Louis 40, 82, 168, 312, 315, 318, 397, 410, 422,
442, 449, 492, 545, 596, 644, 654, 761, 841, 968, 1048, 1297,
1413, 1544, 1589, 1609, 1682, 1715, 1739, 1861, 1980, 2199,
2277, 2283, 2360, 2468, 2606
888
ÍNDICE ONOMÁSTICO
Cavalieri, Bonaventura 141, 440, 957, 1210, 1395, 1597, 2113,
2493
Cavendish, Henry 296, 444, 511, 547, 572, 632, 769, 1565, 1860,
2302, 2343, 2345, 2383, 2555, 2597, 2621
Cayley, Arthur 448, 503, 711, 1070, 1120, 1370, 1417, 1730, 1873,
1981, 2203, 2234, 2274, 2472
Chagas, Carlos 456, 551, 575
Charcot, Jean-Martin 458, 867, 1919
Chaucer, Geoffrey 459
Chebyshev, Pafnuty 434, 459, 757, 1749, 1849, 2291
Chetverikov, Sergei 470, 1900
Ch’in Chiu-shao 487, 479, 1669, 2656
Chu Shih-chieh 487, 1668, 2116, 2434, 2656
Clapeyron, Émile 417, 492, 494, 1014, 1097, 1297, 2511
Clausius, Rudolf 143, 306, 418, 439, 493, 493, 1013, 1098, 1112,
1304, 1557, 1740, 1880, 1973, 2078, 2253, 2511
Clifford, William 502, 1605, 1819, 2084, 2204, 2230
Colombo, Cristóvão 188, 503, 2239
Comenius, John Amos 506, 1916
Compton, Arthur 299, 363, 510, 633, 687, 1086, 1241, 2072, 2454,
2675
Comte, Auguste 211, 516, 842, 965, 1011, 2087, 2124, 2230, 2291,
2460, 2509
Condamine, La 522, 1445, 1857
Condorcet, marquês de 54, 229, 374, 517, 525, 525, 588, 756,
1395, 1410, 1434, 1576, 1587, 1844, 2245, 2499
Copérnico, Nicolau 65, 77, 179, 189, 341, 369, 385, 388, 531, 599,
950, 977, 1023, 1134, 1167, 1214, 1269, 1311, 1390, 1487, 1911,
1984, 2262, 2322, 2337, 2422, 2485, 2492, 2505, 2534, 2588
Coulomb, Charles 83, 226, 303, 406, 541, 792, 1297, 1416, 1494,
1570, 1867, 1960, 2054, 2057, 2469, 2557
Cruz, Oswaldo 457, 549
Curie, Marie 199, 551, 558, 1908, 2383
Curie, Pierre 199, 552, 557, 1908, 2383
Dalton, John 169, 262, 416, 563, 592, 664, 785, 1000, 1246, 1521,
1862, 2082, 2312, 2559, 2666
Darwin, Charles 44, 197, 204, 381, 470, 502, 574, 647, 705, 832,
873, 881, 972, 1036, 1050, 1200, 1284, 1306, 1430, 1677, 1710,
1761, 1815, 1843, 1900, 1902, 1929, 1942, 2066, 2152, 2196,
2203, 2245, 2301, 2354, 2397, 2399, 2405, 2458, 2482, 2514,
2543, 2571, 2580, 2599, 2607, 2638
Davy, Humphry 83, 144, 168, 245, 260, 419, 448, 554, 558, 568,
587, 784, 1003, 1696, 1920, 2054, 2058, 2293, 2373, 2509, 2563,
2664
Dedekind, Richard 320, 397, 493, 593, 643, 712, 858, 992, 1119,
1371, 2049, 2200, 2231, 2359, 2377
Descartes, René 48, 61, 79, 178, 180, 206, 216, 221, 229, 235, 317,
335, 374, 385, 488, 507, 546, 598, 694, 751, 801, 840, 842, 862,
959, 965, 977, 1157, 1163, 1174, 1176, 1206, 1208, 1234, 1257,
1265, 1314, 1341, 1389, 1476, 1596, 1732, 1832, 1856, 1861,
1910, 1917, 1931, 1984, 2090, 2108, 2461, 2484, 2493, 2566,
2666
Diderot, Denis 52, 253, 613, 1429, 1438, 1557, 2115, 2499
Diofanto de Alexandria 192, 603, 619, 642, 716, 758, 800, 821,
1033, 1126, 1142, 1230, 1274, 1412, 1835, 2249, 2275, 2535,
2614
Dirac, Paul 300, 513, 631, 810, 1086, 1242, 1557, 1748, 1970,
1982, 2069, 2191, 2412, 2674
Dirichlet, Gustav 40, 594, 641, 758, 839, 984, 1049, 1120, 1173,
1229, 1589, 1714, 1730, 1752, 1926, 2274, 2359, 2603, 2632
Dobzhansky, Theodosius 477, 582, 645, 1950, 2482, 2521
Duhem, Pierre 123, 190, 312, 386, 404, 518, 653, 723, 1017, 1641,
1753, 1819, 2480
Dumas, Jean-Baptiste 170, 260, 497, 521, 663, 1007, 1297, 1552,
1579, 1686, 1902, 1921, 2121, 2399
Dürer, Albrecht 669
Ehrlich, Paul 148, 672, 834, 1375
Einstein, Albert 89, 205, 296, 312, 328, 512, 632, 681, 811, 877,
934, 1026, 1089, 1167, 1241, 1273, 1502, 1728, 1736, 1817,
1854, 1874, 1928, 1961, 2049, 2084, 2190, 2205, 2243, 2255,
2279, 2348, 2367, 2390, 2410, 2420, 2453, 2615, 2620, 2632,
2675
Empédocles de Agrigento 102, 704, 1144, 2266
Euclides 55, 79, 93, 125, 165, 186, 192, 195, 286, 314, 317, 324,
334, 341, 374, 413, 420, 440, 451, 502, 596, 604, 623, 658, 669,
706, 780, 800, 811, 818, 820, 829, 949, 983, 1102, 1122, 1142,
1157, 1224, 1254, 1276, 1323, 1338, 1353, 1363, 1370, 1394,
1592, 1594, 1618, 1684, 1726, 1911, 1956, 1980, 1984, 2047,
2049, 2088, 2107, 2248, 2273, 2315, 2335, 2367, 2375, 2393,
2400, 2418, 2475, 2478, 2486, 2504, 2535, 2593, 2615, 2619
Euler, Leonhard 37, 50, 79, 219, 231, 234, 236, 240, 378, 428, 449,
461, 527, 546, 594, 603, 617, 626, 642, 657, 751, 806, 827, 840,
861, 983, 1010, 1103, 1229, 1406, 1434, 1588, 1715, 1750, 1852,
1858, 1869, 2056, 2199, 2280, 2284, 2365, 2472, 2567, 2621,
2667
Ewing, Maurice 768
Fabrizio, Geronimo 773, 1073, 2529
Farabi, al- 111, 149, 154, 188, 733, 778, 1224, 1228, 1340, 1365,
1828, 2336
Faraday, Michael 86, 144, 172, 264, 312, 560, 573, 589, 660, 766,
782, 991, 1003, 1065, 1097, 1110, 1247, 1262, 1297, 1705, 1740,
1863, 1906, 1960, 2055, 2083, 2243, 2298, 2348, 2370, 2373,
2391, 2556
Farghani, al- 64, 153, 188, 795, 2331, 2336
Fermat, Pierre de 63, 236, 404, 422, 443, 464, 605, 626, 642, 757,
799, 827, 1066, 1208, 1233, 1412, 1588, 1602, 1910, 1986, 2112,
2231, 2291, 2493, 2655
Fermi, Enrico 302, 331, 515, 810, 1086, 1090, 1970, 2072, 2193,
2455, 2675
Ferro, Scipione 37, 402, 817, 2478
Fibonacci, Leonardo 139, 196, 626, 718, 735, 818, 819, 1279
Fisher, Ronald 281, 470, 582, 647, 829, 1057, 1534, 1900, 2211
Fleming, Alexander 833
Fludd, Robert 835, 1073, 1324, 1910, 1919
Fourier, Jean Baptiste 178, 193, 397, 427, 467, 514, 519, 633, 642,
759, 811, 838, 968, 1069, 1087, 1098, 1229, 1297, 1500, 1583,
1714, 1864, 2057, 2283, 2359, 2471, 2604, 2614, 2632
Franklin, Benjamin 647, 783, 844, 1236, 1424, 1558, 1918, 2245,
2301, 2553
Frazer, James 855, 873
Frege, Gottlob 597, 857, 1606, 2377, 2619, 2652, 2688
Fresnel, Augustin 85, 419, 437, 860, 1067, 1297, 1500, 1736, 1875,
2057, 2289, 2347, 2469, 2666
Freud, Sigmund 178, 357, 459, 706, 856, 866, 1151, 1250, 1919
Friedmann, Aleksandr 701, 877, 1167
Frisch, Karl von 879
Gabor, Dennis 933
Galeno 56, 90, 111, 159, 165, 341, 612, 704, 737, 774, 780, 836,
937, 1074, 1144, 1181, 1229, 1367, 1626, 1831, 1840, 2099,
2327, 2340, 2461, 2484, 2490, 2525
Galileu 96, 141, 179, 335, 343, 371, 383, 388, 408, 440, 598, 656,
744, 774, 842, 948, 977, 1149, 1156, 1169, 1178, 1211, 1314,
1389, 1479, 1595, 1839, 1911, 1984, 2110, 2121, 2193, 2234,
2240, 2393, 2485, 2492, 2568, 2589, 2621
Gall, Franz Joseph 961, 2584
Galois, Evariste 422, 453, 595, 839, 967, 995, 1414, 1612, 1683,
1714, 1731, 2283
Galton, Francis 449, 576, 829, 972, 1250, 1854, 1893, 2203, 2458,
2574, 2586, 2608
Galvani, Luigi 974, 1003, 1096, 1170, 1959, 2052, 2057, 2404,
2559
ÍNDICE ONOMÁSTICO
Gassendi, Pierre 336, 355, 387, 599, 706, 837, 959, 976, 1157,
1208, 1328, 1395, 1598, 1733, 1910, 1984, 2051, 2110, 2461
Gauss, Carl Friedrich 39, 225, 314, 323, 410, 425, 443, 449, 481,
594, 626, 642, 710, 806, 829, 969, 973, 982, 1010, 1024, 1116,
1121, 1163, 1173, 1229, 1244, 1257, 1371, 1412, 1469, 1588,
1715, 1725, 1822, 1850, 1861, 1926, 1980, 2063, 2206, 2272,
2290, 2359, 2395, 2418, 2502, 2574, 2603, 2633
Gay-Lussac 81, 168, 307, 414, 570, 592, 664, 999, 1172, 1248,
1505, 1684, 2095, 2126, 2512, 2558
Germain, Sophie 985, 1010, 1521, 2287
Gibbs, Josiah Willard 144, 247, 310, 452, 501, 654, 657, 1012,
1028, 1071, 1098, 1309, 1736, 1875, 1963, 2076, 2231, 2255,
2349, 2512, 2614, 2686
Gilbert, William 89, 179, 372, 572, 836, 958, 1019, 1317, 2238
Gödel, Kurt 366, 401, 1024, 1125, 1980, 2281, 2382, 2502, 2620,
2687
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 357, 617, 994, 1025, 1034, 1054,
1101, 1171, 1201, 1249, 1384, 1606, 1980, 2203, 2397, 2403,
2568
Habash al-Hasib 1039, 1350, 2681
Hadamard, Jacques 437, 465, 659, 758, 983, 1047, 1589, 1753,
2274, 2365
Haeckel, Ernst 1036, 1049, 1240, 1929, 1947, 2085, 2481, 2542,
2607, 2642
Hahnemann, Samuel 1054
Haldane, John 470, 582, 647, 1055, 1900, 2066, 2229, 2631
Halley, Edmond 225, 566, 1058, 1169, 1325, 1447, 1985, 2420,
2475, 2656
Hamilton, William Rowan 82, 297, 315, 323, 451, 632, 812, 994,
1016, 1064, 1098, 1116, 1234, 1242, 1420, 1682, 1716, 1822,
1858, 1866, 2049, 2259, 2278, 2287, 2413, 2419, 2619, 2676
Harvey, William 122, 179, 601, 705, 775, 836, 944, 948, 980, 1073,
1160, 1626, 1915, 2461, 2531
Heisenberg, Werner 297, 329, 513, 633, 688, 1086, 1241, 2069,
2190, 2413, 2455, 2482, 2674
Helmholtz, Hermann von 208, 247, 306, 418, 617, 654, 791, 866,
1016, 1038, 1094, 1110, 1122, 1234, 1273, 1307, 1681, 1737,
1861, 1959, 2076, 2253, 2345, 2367, 2405, 2509, 2616, 2626,
2666
Heráclito de Éfeso 1107, 1155, 2266
Hertz, Heinrich 312, 331, 660, 693, 1096, 1109, 1736, 1819, 1848,
1874, 2254, 2370, 2383, 2627, 2654
Hilbert, David 194, 328, 364, 400, 422, 426, 450, 596, 636, 694,
758, 857, 1029, 1119, 1241, 1371, 1389, 1925, 1979, 2049, 2279,
2364, 2376, 2412, 2418, 2452, 2502, 2603, 2613, 2631, 2686
Hiparco 153, 345, 535, 949, 1127, 1328, 1507, 2316, 2417, 2682
Hipátia 620, 1142
Hipócrates de Cós 103, 159, 341, 706, 777, 780, 939, 1143, 1181,
1228, 2197, 2340, 2533
Hobbes, Thomas 190, 335, 599, 711, 1073, 1155, 1596, 1733,
1910, 2486
Hopf, Heinz 366, 1162
Hubble, Edwin 638, 701, 1164
Humboldt, Alexander von 43, 188, 276, 642, 986, 1000, 1050,
1092, 1095, 1169, 1230, 1684, 1755, 1962, 2403, 2558, 2580
Hume, David 81, 182, 206, 582, 588, 692, 830, 1175, 1206, 1265,
1859, 2623, 2635, 2640
Hunayn ibn Ishaq 70, 118, 136, 186, 195, 731, 944, 1181, 1226,
1363
Huxley, Thomas 581, 1036, 1052, 1056, 1198, 1306, 1860, 1942,
2354, 2458, 2544, 2584, 2639
Huygens, Christiaan 57, 221, 230, 235, 337, 436, 524, 600, 659,
804, 861, 951, 979, 1207, 1479, 1595, 1627, 1734, 1837, 1854,
1916, 1985, 2113, 2471, 2655, 2667
Ikhwan al-Safa 781, 1223
Jabir ibn Hayyan 242, 733, 1225, 2506
Jacobi, Carl Gustav 41, 427, 449, 462, 594, 642, 758, 969, 986,
1068, 1119, 1173, 1229, 1420, 1587, 1682, 1714, 1752, 2063,
2200, 2231, 2275, 2287, 2359, 2413, 2602
Jefferson, Thomas 853, 1171, 1235, 1239, 2302
Jenner, Edward 680, 1238, 1381, 2163
Jordan, Pascual 330, 635, 688, 1088, 1240, 1926, 2070, 2191
Joule, James 418, 494, 1001, 1013, 1097, 1246, 1301, 1891, 1973,
2243
Jung, Carl Gustav 837, 874, 1248, 2106, 2192
Kamal al-Din 61, 1253
Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike 1260
Kant, Immanuel 81, 206, 216, 315, 374, 717, 785, 978, 986, 1025,
1065, 1089, 1094, 1111, 1119, 1249, 1262, 1502, 1605, 1824,
1829, 1868, 2052, 2056, 2230, 2260, 2366, 2375, 2403, 2603
Karaji, al- 192, 626, 824, 1274, 2400
Karpinsky, Alexandr 1280
Kashi, al- 1285, 1348, 2402, 2427, 2505
Kekulé 245, 1292, 1902, 1920, 2128, 2509
Kelvin, lorde 307, 417, 438, 493, 495, 558, 588, 659, 793, 1002,
1013, 1095, 1112, 1248, 1261, 1297, 1471, 1717, 1740,
1766, 1864, 1971, 2083, 2278, 2343, 2345, 2361, 2385, 2468,
2556, 2670
Kepler, Johannes 60, 141, 179, 297, 341, 371, 438, 441, 606, 837,
948, 976, 1024, 1042, 1060, 1253, 1310, 1390, 1413, 1481, 1598,
1915, 1956, 1984, 2098, 2113, 2192, 2234, 2262, 2269, 2286,
2324, 2421, 2492, 2588
Keynes, John Maynard 1180, 1334, 1847, 2024, 2374
Khayyami, al- 68, 142, 732, 825, 1287, 1337, 1348, 1726, 2394,
2400, 2487, 2505
Khazini, al- 72, 1339, 1347, 2095, 2491
Kindi, al- 120, 186, 730, 781, 797, 1355, 1363, 2506
Klein, Felix 315, 328, 365, 414, 451, 502, 991, 1369, 1680, 1730,
1852, 2049, 2082, 2190, 2201, 2234, 2273, 2361, 2418, 2452,
2604, 2613, 2675
Koch, Robert 672, 1373, 2123
Koyré, Alexandre 143, 373, 375, 602, 960, 979, 1149, 1332, 1388,
1915, 2034, 2116, 2480
Krebs, Hans Adolf 1396
Lagrange, Joseph Louis 37, 51, 222, 318, 322, 407, 422, 449, 519,
527, 640, 758, 838, 967, 983, 1010, 1068, 1098, 1110, 1229,
1297, 1405, 1434, 1577, 1585, 1682, 1743, 1858, 1873, 1927,
2057, 2193, 2259, 2278, 2282, 2471, 2621
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste 204, 380, 473, 574, 1052, 1202, 1420,
1755, 1815, 2395, 2399, 2458, 2482, 2575, 2582, 2611
Laplace, Pierre-Simon 37, 83, 248, 250, 417, 422, 456, 462, 519,
528, 542, 572, 642, 659, 757, 839, 1000, 1049, 1064, 1095, 1110,
1174, 1229, 1270, 1297, 1407, 1431, 1569, 1585, 1716, 1753,
1852, 1864, 2018, 2056, 2116, 2209, 2279, 2282, 2332, 2349,
2361, 2417, 2471, 2502, 2553, 2602
Lavoisier 83, 172, 210, 242, 250, 260, 378, 447, 565, 588, 786, 853,
1006, 1015, 1416, 1423, 1431, 1557, 1685, 1918, 2054, 2133,
2301, 2309, 2372, 2404, 2499, 2553, 2597, 2664
Lebesgue, Henri Léon 842, 1583, 1714, 2279, 2569
Legendre, Adrien-Marie 40, 317, 425, 465, 642, 758, 967, 1010,
1229, 1297, 1412, 1474, 1585, 1726, 1851, 2057, 2209, 2287,
2395, 2568, 2602
Leibniz 141, 175, 178, 207, 220, 230, 234, 240, 317, 324, 337, 373,
377, 400, 408, 429, 443, 510, 600, 753, 804, 982, 1027, 1063,
1107, 1209, 1234, 1263, 1406, 1526, 1594, 1716, 1732, 1831,
1835, 1858, 1985, 2064, 2108, 2202, 2291, 2393, 2433, 2467,
2484, 2566
Leonardo da Vinci 46, 402, 441, 656, 669, 1395, 1615
Li Chih 484, 487, 1667, 2656
Li Shih-chen 1674
889
890
ÍNDICE ONOMÁSTICO
Lie, Sophus 420, 435, 455, 972, 1163, 1369, 1545, 1680, 1980, 2274,
2602, 2613
Liebig, Justus von 244, 260, 590, 664, 678, 1097, 1173, 1292, 1684,
1905, 1925, 2076, 2122, 2297
Linnaeus, Carl 83, 105, 377, 1199, 1421, 1675, 1706, 1754, 2245,
2516, 2582, 2612, 2649
Liouville, Joseph 397, 425, 460, 841, 969, 1123, 1297, 1713, 1850,
2277, 2603, 2614
Liu Hui 480, 490, 1673, 1719, 2657
Lobachevsky, Nikolai 315, 317, 451, 462, 502, 710, 983, 1344, 1370,
1725, 2234, 2367, 2395, 2505
Locke, John 48, 206, 377, 588, 615, 978, 1176, 1265, 1597, 1732,
1986, 2245, 2300, 2566, 2635
Lorentz, Hendrik 311, 328, 500, 637, 682, 1016, 1116, 1223, 1261,
1731, 1736, 1874, 1928, 1968, 2193, 2255, 2279, 2370, 2453, 2616,
2620, 2628
Lyapunov, Aleksandr 461, 660, 1749, 1850, 2277
Lyell, Charles 43, 576, 1052, 1202, 1306, 1426, 1665, 1753, 2458,
2580
Mach, Ernst 49, 134, 208, 312, 357, 521, 654, 683, 1017, 1038, 1111,
1240, 1420, 1605, 1815, 1876, 1999, 2076, 2190, 2233, 2243, 2254,
2411, 2496, 2622
Maimônides 55, 149, 779, 1046, 1827, 2203
Malebranche, Nicolas 207, 229, 235, 377, 612, 657, 1596, 1832
Malpighi, Marcello 1595, 1839
Malthus, Thomas 580, 844, 937, 1843, 2458, 2580
Marconi, Guglielmo 1118, 1848, 2383
Markov, Andrei Andreevich 463, 1750, 1849
Martius, Von 1855
Maupertuis 239, 377, 409, 522, 753, 1407, 1427, 1445, 1614, 1822,
1856, 2358, 2566
Maxwell, James Clerk 147, 172, 306, 329, 438, 445, 449, 497, 636,
656, 683, 766, 793, 812, 865, 1013, 1096, 1110, 1260, 1297, 1736,
1860, 2203, 2254, 2345, 2365, 2370, 2383, 2454, 2459, 2471, 2497,
2627, 2666
Mendel, Gregor 197, 474, 582, 647, 832, 973, 1051, 1056, 1893,
1945, 2220, 2516, 2572, 2612, 2640
Mendeleev, Dmitry 83, 292, 552, 1851, 1901, 1920, 2043, 2065,
2079, 2516, 2522
Mersenne, Marin 371, 510, 599, 617, 657, 800, 837, 950, 976, 1157,
1208, 1321, 1910, 2003, 2107, 2493
Mesmer, Franz Anton 853, 1576, 1917, 2584
Meyer, Lothar 143, 1905, 1919, 2079
Minkowski, Hermann 328, 466, 595, 694, 1112, 1119, 1728, 1925,
2275, 2418, 2451, 2604, 2615, 2621
Monod, Jacques 1928
Morgan, Thomas 199, 472, 646, 1929, 1941, 2067, 2516, 2574, 2639
Napier, John 443, 1327, 1954
Nernst, Walther 144, 247, 328, 682, 934, 1240, 1958, 2075, 2256
Neumann, Johann von 331, 365, 400, 636, 934, 1026, 1124, 1245,
1979, 2614
Newton, Isaac 48, 58, 89, 95, 141, 175, 178, 182, 207, 221, 232, 235,
240, 308, 314, 317, 322, 337, 376, 385, 400, 408, 429, 443, 445,
453, 460, 522, 546, 564, 588, 598, 614, 683, 717, 751, 784, 804,
840, 845, 861, 950, 980, 983, 1010, 1024, 1037, 1058, 1064, 1113,
1176, 1209, 1263, 1297, 1331, 1336, 1390, 1406, 1434, 1568, 1592,
1597, 1622, 1733, 1751, 1819, 1838, 1843, 1856, 1861, 1906, 1917,
1983, 2091, 2121, 2193, 2202, 2205, 2272, 2287, 2300, 2467, 2485,
2495, 2499, 2565, 2590, 2620, 2655, 2664
Nicolau de Cusa 46, 141, 189, 510, 1394, 1603, 2044
Noether, Emmy 453, 597, 1162, 1981, 2048, 2360
Nostradamus, Michael 2050
Oersted, Hans Christian 83, 172, 260, 593, 785, 839, 1866, 2052,
2057, 2563
Ohm, Georg 318, 641, 1098, 1891, 2056, 2345, 2563
Oparin, Aleksandr 1058, 2064
Oppenheimer, Robert 331, 816, 1393, 2069, 2678
Ostwald, Wilhelm 143, 234, 238, 312, 439, 521, 549, 645, 654, 683,
1007, 1015, 1273, 1593, 1818, 1890, 1900, 1908, 1920, 1959,
2064, 2074, 2192, 2243, 2254, 2358, 2452, 2509, 2564
Pappus de Alexandria 125, 440, 603, 620, 634, 707, 729, 800,
1062, 1129, 1208, 1276, 1353, 1641, 1992, 2047, 2088, 2108,
2330, 2535
Paracelso 250, 338, 369, 706, 836, 1391, 1574, 1919, 2098, 2461
Pascal, Blaise 79, 335, 373, 404, 443, 453, 464, 489, 527, 608, 808,
980, 1208, 1287, 1395, 1438, 1607, 1649, 1840, 1910, 2107,
2401, 2478, 2497, 2505, 2655, 2658
Pasteur, Louis 211, 248, 457, 549, 555, 681, 1294, 1374, 1705,
1930, 2066, 2119, 2510
Pauli, Wolfgang 297, 330, 633, 634, 691, 811, 837, 1086, 1241,
1252, 1334, 2070, 2190, 2455, 2622, 2674
Pavlov, Ivan 212, 392, 2067, 2194, 2459
Peano, Giuseppe 334, 365, 402, 857, 1606, 2199, 2281, 2376, 2619
Pearson, Karl 198, 281, 473, 503, 829, 832, 973, 1545, 1819, 1893,
2203, 2233
Peirce, Charles 326, 518, 1606, 1825, 1893, 2200, 2229, 2242, 2376
Peregrinus, Peter 191, 1020, 2236
Perrin, Jean Baptiste 554, 657, 684, 2083, 2243
Pinel, Philippe 962, 2244
Pitágoras 47, 52, 76, 192, 288, 341, 374, 532, 620, 705, 710, 819,
1109, 1128, 1224, 1228, 1288, 1390, 1394, 1609, 1661, 1723,
2025, 2089, 2247, 2265, 2330, 2337, 2367, 2433, 2488, 2549
Planck, Max 293, 308, 329, 512, 633, 682, 810, 934, 1016, 1088,
1111, 1242, 1261, 1747, 1818, 1886, 1961, 2078, 2253, 2346,
2414, 2421, 2453, 2626, 2674, 2686
Platão 59, 77, 92, 139, 149, 154, 161, 181, 196, 207, 284, 368, 374,
377, 387, 400, 455, 655, 669, 705, 706, 779, 824, 836, 855, 939,
959, 1025, 1093, 1108, 1142, 1143, 1181, 1200, 1223, 1227,
1234, 1323, 1344, 1364, 1388, 1617, 1660, 1828, 1833, 1860,
2044, 2094, 2104, 2248, 2263, 2300, 2443, 2462, 2474, 2488,
2507, 2532, 2636
Poincaré, Henri 200, 309, 328, 364, 421, 553, 654, 690, 763, 810,
1049, 1119, 1123, 1372, 1544, 1731, 1746, 1751, 1819, 1854,
1926, 1979, 2231, 2255, 2272, 2349, 2361, 2378, 2416, 2452,
2570, 2606, 2615, 2686
Poisson, Siméon-Denis 178, 414, 430, 460, 494, 545, 634, 642,
694, 810, 839, 864, 968, 1110, 1229, 1297, 1420, 1431, 1682,
1714, 1883, 2057, 2207, 2279, 2282, 2468
Pope, William 2292
Priestley, Joseph 250, 446, 588, 850, 1561, 1700, 2299, 2458, 2553,
2597
Proust, Joseph Louis 255, 261, 668, 1005, 1923, 2308
Ptolomeu 56, 76, 90, 100, 138, 150, 152, 165, 179, 186, 271, 341,
368, 459, 503, 531, 600, 710, 780, 796, 824, 950, 1039, 1062,
1127, 1142, 1224, 1254, 1269, 1286, 1312, 1340, 1350, 1363,
1489, 1726, 1830, 2088, 2234, 2251, 2314, 2337, 2422, 2473,
2486, 2492, 2504, 2534, 2551, 2588, 2682
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi 63, 77, 734, 1253, 1348, 2334, 2423, 2505
Rabelais, François 2340
Ramanujan, Srinivasa Aaiyangar 2341
Rayleigh, quarto barão [Robert John Strutt] 2343, 2386, 2524
Rayleigh, terceiro barão [John William Strutt] 685, 1016, 1112,
1746, 1874, 2218, 2343, 2344, 2469
Réaumur, René-Antoine 616, 1471, 2350, 2559
Riemann, Bernhard 421, 428, 451, 500, 502, 594, 698, 710, 758,
842, 971, 986, 1048, 1102, 1113, 1122, 1344, 1370, 1544, 1583,
1731, 1739, 1752, 1819, 2274, 2290, 2358, 2472, 2502, 2569,
2605, 2614
ÍNDICE ONOMÁSTICO
Röntgen, Wilhelm 200, 389, 552, 558, 1119, 2243, 2368, 2453,
2627
Rumford, conde [Benjamin Thompson] 419, 588, 860, 1112,
1738, 2130, 2369, 2371, 2386, 2470, 2664
Russell, Bertrand 364, 401, 597, 683, 857, 1027, 1272, 1335, 1395,
1600, 2200, 2281, 2373, 2618, 2630, 2652, 2687
Rutherford, Ernest 201, 292, 331, 512, 554, 562, 570, 632, 1766,
2083, 2343, 2382, 2570, 2675
Saccheri, Giovanni Girolamo 68, 710, 744, 1343, 1726, 2393, 2505
Saint-Hilaire, Étienne Geoffroy 961, 1035, 1053, 1425, 2395, 2398
Saint-Hilaire, Isidore Geoffroy 2398, 2607
Samawal, al- 1274, 2400
Schelling, Frederick 43, 374, 785, 1038, 1272, 1606, 2052, 2403,
2603
Schliemann, Heinrich 2407, 2543
Schrödinger, Erwin 300, 330, 512, 635, 682, 1068, 1088, 1242,
1739, 1974, 2067, 2069, 2191, 2410, 2455, 2629, 2674
Schwarzschild, Karl 633, 2416, 2622
Shatir, Ibn al- 63, 536, 2331, 2338, 2422, 2505
Shen Kua 2428, 2594
Sommerfeld, Arnold 296, 331, 632, 687, 811, 1086, 1240, 1372,
1818, 1968, 2190, 2254, 2412, 2421, 2451
Spencer, Herbert 204, 502, 583, 963, 2458, 2572, 2611
Stahl, Georg Ernst 250, 1568, 2106, 2460
Stokes, George 96, 331, 659, 842, 1103, 1300, 1739, 1860, 1862,
2037, 2203, 2230, 2243, 2344, 2467
Sufi, al- 189, 273, 2331, 2472, 2504, 2681
Tales de Mileto 126, 1108, 2474
Tartaglia, Niccolò 37, 141, 402, 440, 742, 817, 949, 1395, 2116,
2401, 2477
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre 646, 2480
Telesio, Bernardino 387, 1910, 2483, 2497
Thabit ibn Qurra 66, 136, 153, 189, 195, 271, 730, 1343, 1350,
1638, 1726, 2095, 2336, 2486, 2505
Torricelli, Evangelista 141, 335, 440, 958, 1914, 2110, 2492, 2559
Turgot 524, 526, 542, 1462, 1559, 2499
Turing, Alan 1031, 2502
Tusi, al- [Nasir al-Din] 63, 77, 136, 195, 732, 1254, 1276, 1287,
1338, 1348, 1726, 2116, 2331, 2334, 2394, 2423, 2486, 2503,
2682
Vant’t Hoff, Jacobus 144, 247, 311, 657, 1295, 1959, 2074, 2128,
2508, 2573
Vavilov, Nikolay 2514
Vernadsky, Vladimir 2066, 2481, 2522
Vesálio, André 70, 402, 616, 774, 1626, 2107, 2525
Viète, François 608, 626, 799, 827, 844, 1208, 1289, 1835, 1986,
2091, 2533
Virchow, Rudolf 217, 276, 1050, 1273, 1374, 1919, 2405, 2409,
2541
Vitrúvio 125, 443, 669, 837, 1659, 2326, 2545
Volta, Alessandro 84, 168, 590, 854, 975, 1001, 1246, 1470, 2052,
2059, 2302, 2345, 2404, 2498, 2552
Voltaire 52, 526, 614, 755, 1345, 1409, 1557, 1832, 1856, 2565
Volterra, Vito 193, 436, 811, 1049, 1123, 1583, 1753, 2201, 2568,
2633
Vries, Hugo de 1893, 1946, 2512, 2516, 2570, 2610, 2646
Wallace, Alfred Russel 583, 966, 1763, 1846, 2458, 2579, 2611
Wang Hsi-shan 2587
Watt, James 253, 415, 466, 493, 588, 1012, 1889, 2301, 2596
Wegener, Alfred Lothar 1244, 2599
Weierstrass, Karl 318, 396, 431, 455, 595, 712, 841, 1048, 1123,
1235, 1369, 1584, 1730, 2253, 2273, 2362, 2601, 2686
Weismann, August 1053, 1947, 2459, 2572, 2607, 2649
Weyl, Hermann 420, 633, 1125, 1162, 1371, 1683, 1979, 2049,
2190, 2364, 2378, 2412, 2613
Whitehead, Alfred North 632, 858, 1335, 1600, 2270, 2374, 2617
Wien, Carl 683, 1086, 1117, 1746, 1968, 2254, 2346, 2412, 2451,
2625
Wiener, Norbert 194, 330, 1242, 1854, 1890, 2630
William de Ockham 60, 90, 122, 382, 610, 2634
Wilson, Edmund 1942, 2638
Wittgenstein, Ludwig 858, 2379, 2620, 2652
Wren, Christopher 1212, 1596, 2003, 2114, 2654
Yang Hui 485, 1720, 2434, 2656
Young, Thomas 437, 448, 543, 566, 590, 853, 862, 1038, 1098,
1518, 1861, 2000, 2373, 2663
Yukawa, Hideki 638, 813, 1090, 2673
Yunus, Ibn 55, 153, 626, 797, 1039, 1289, 2427, 2491, 2680
Zermelo 310, 401, 1028, 1125, 1980, 2262, 2378, 2685
891
893
ÍNDICE DE DISCIPLINAS
Alquimia
Fludd, Robert
Jabir ibn Hayyan
Paracelso
Sufi, alThabit ibn Qurra
Tusi, al- [Nasir al-Din]
Wang Hsi-Shan
Yunus, Ibn
Anatomia
Fabrizio, Geronimo
Leonardo da Vinci
Malpighi, Marcello
Entomologia
Biogeoquímica
Boas, Franz
Broca, Pierre Paul
Frazer, James
Virchow, Rudolf
Arqueologia
Schliemann, Heinrich
Arquitetura
Brunelleschi, Filippo
Vitrúvio
Wren, Christopher
Astronomia
Alhazen [Ibn al-Haytham]
Alpetrágio [al-Bitruji]
Aristóteles
Averroes [Ibn Rushd]
Bacon, Roger
Banu Musa
Bernoulli, Jakob I
Bernoulli, Johann III
Biruni, alBrahe, Tycho
Cauchy, Augustin-Louis
Cayley, Arthur
Chaucer, Geoffrey
Copérnico, Nicolau
Euler, Leonhard
Farghani, alGalileu
Gassendi, Pierre
Habash al-Hasib
Halley, Edmond
Hiparco
Hubble, Edwin
Huygens, Christiaan
Kashi, alKepler, Johannes
Khayyami, al- [Omar Khayyam]
Khazini, alLagrange, Joseph Louis
Laplace, Pierre-Simon
Newton, Isaac
Pappus de Alexandria
Pitágoras
Poincaré, Henri
Ptolomeu
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
Schwarzschild, Karl
Shatir, Ibn alShen Kua
Chetverikov, Sergei
Vernadsky, Vladimir
Etologia
Biologia
Antropologia
Clapeyron, Émile
Gabor, Dennis
Marconi, Guglielmo
Watt, James
Aristóteles
Bateson, William
Bernard, Claude
Cannon, Walter
Chetverikov, Sergei
Darwin, Charles
Dobzhansky, Theodosius
Ehrlich, Paul
Fisher, Ronald
Haldane, John
Krebs, Hans Adolf
Lyell, Charles
Maupertuis
Monod, Jacques
Morgan, Thomas
Oparin, Aleksandr
Pasteur, Louis
Réaumur, René-Antoine
Vries, Hugo de
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Wilson, Edmund
Bioquímica
Krebs, Hans Adolf
Monod, Jacques
Botânica
Jefferson, Thomas
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste
Linnaeus, Carl
Martius, Von
Vavilov, Nikolay
Vries, Hugo de
Cosmologia
Dirac, Paul
Einstein, Albert
Friedmann, Aleksandr
Hubble, Edwin
Schrödinger, Erwin
Schwarzschild, Karl
Demografia
Malthus, Thomas
Economia
Keynes, John Maynard
Malthus, Thomas
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques
Engenharia
Brunelleschi, Filippo
Carnot, Lazare
Frisch, Karl von
Spencer, Herbert
Tales de Mileto
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
Thabit ibn Qurra
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques
Tusi, al- [Nasir al-Din]
Voltaire
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Whitehead, Alfred North
William de Ockham
Wittgenstein, Ludwig
Estatística
Fisher, Ronald
Galton, Francis
Pearson, Karl
Filosofia da ciência
Chetverikov, Sergei
Darwin, Charles
Dobzhansky, Theodosius
Huxley, Thomas
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Bachelar, Gaston
Bacon, Francis
Berkeley, George
Bohr, Niels
Duhem, Pierre
Helmholtz, Hermann von
Koyré, Alexandre
Ostwald, Wilhelm
Russell, Bertrand
Wien, Carl
Filosofia
Filosofia natural
Aquino, Santo Tomás de
Aristóteles
Avempace [Ibn Bajja]
Averroes [Ibn Rushd]
Avicena [Ibn Sina]
Bergson, Henri
Boécio
Bolzano, Bernard
Bruno, Giordano
Brunschvicg, Léon
Buridan, Jean
Cardano, Girolamo
Comenius, John Amos
Comte, Auguste
Descartes, René
Diderot, Denis
Empédocles de Agrigento
Farabi, alGassendi, Pierre
Heráclito de Éfeso
Hipátia
Hobbes, Thomas
Hume, David
Hunayn ibn Ishaq
Ikhwan al-Safa
Kant, Immanuel
Khayyami, al- [Omar Khayyam]
Kindi, alLeibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
Locke, John
Maimônides
Malebranche, Nicolas
Nicolau de Cusa
Pascal, Blaise
Peirce, Charles
Platão
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
Schelling, Frederick
Alberti, Leone Battista
Alpetrágio [al-Bitruji]
Bacon, Roger
Boyle, Robert
Buffon, conde de
Campanella, Tommaso
Cavendish, Henry
Condamine, La
Gilbert, William
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Humboldt, Alexander von
Mersenne, Marin
Newton, Isaac
Paracelso
Peregrinus, Peter
Priestley, Joseph
Réaumur, René-Antoine
Telesio, Bernardino
Volterra, Vito
Young, Thomas
Evolução
Física
Alberti, Leone Battista
Alembert, D’
Ampère, André-Marie
Aristóteles
Arrhenius, Svante
Avogadro, Amedeo
Becquerel, Henri
Bernoulli, Daniel
Bohr, Niels
Boltzmann, Ludwig
Born, Max
Boyle, Robert
Broglie, Maurice de
Buridan, Jean
Cardano, Girolamo
Carnot, Sadi
894
ÍNDICE DE DISCIPLINAS
Cauchy, Augustin-Louis
Clausius, Rudolf
Compton, Arthur
Coulomb, Charles
Curie, Marie
Curie, Pierre
Dalton, John
Descartes, René
Dirac, Paul
Duhem, Pierre
Einstein, Albert
Euler, Leonhard
Faraday, Michael
Fermi, Enrico
Fourier, Jean Baptiste
Franklin, Benjamin
Fresnel, Augustin
Friedmann, Aleksandr
Gabor, Dennis
Galileu
Galvani, Luigi
Gay-Lussac
Gibbs, Josiah Willard
Heisenberg, Werner
Helmholtz, Hermann von
Hertz, Heinrich
Huygens, Christiaan
Jordan, Pascual
Joule, James
Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike
Kelvin, lorde
[William Thomson]
Laplace, Pierre-Simon
Lorentz, Hendrik
Mach, Ernst
Marconi, Guglielmo
Maupertuis
Maxwell, James Clerk
Nernst, Walther
Neumann, Johann von
Newton, Isaac
Oersted, Hans Christian
Ohm, Georg
Oppenheimer, Robert
Ostwald, Wilhelm
Pascal, Blaise
Pauli, Wolfgang
Perrin, Jean Baptiste
Planck, Max
Poincaré, Henri
Poisson, Siméon-Denis
Priestley, Joseph
Rayleigh, quarto barão
[Robert John Strutt]
Rayleigh, terceiro barão
[John William Strutt]
Réaumur, René-Antoine
Röntgen, Wilhelm
Rumford, conde
[Benjamin Thompson]
Rutherford, Ernest
Schrödinger, Erwin
Sommerfeld, Arnold
Stokes, George
Torricelli, Evangelista
Van’t Hoff, Jacobus
Volta, Alessandro
Weyl, Hermann
Whitehead, Alfred North
Wien, Carl
Yukawa, Hideki
Fisiologia
Bernard, Claude
Breuer, Josef
Cannon, Walter
Descartes, René
Fabrizio, Geronimo
Galvani, Luigi
Helmholtz, Hermann von
Mach, Ernst
Pavlov, Ivan
Genética
Bateson, William
Chetverikov, Sergei
Dobzhansky, Theodosius
Fisher, Ronald
Haldane, John
Mendel, Gregor
Morgan, Thomas
Vavilov, Nikolay
Vries, Hugo de
Geofísica
Ewing, Maurice
Halley, Edmond
Karpinsky, Alexandr
Wegener, Alfred Lothar
Geografia
Biruni, alColombo, Cristóvão
Hiparco
Humboldt, Alexander von
Pappus de Alexandria
Geologia
Agassiz, Louis
Darwin, Charles
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Leonardo da Vinci
Linnaeus, Carl
Lyell, Charles
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
Imunologia
Ehrlich, Paul
Lógica
Babbage, Charles
Boécio
Bolzano, Bernard
Boole, George
Buridan, Jean
Frege, Gottlob
Gödel, Kurt Friedrich
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
Peano, Giuseppe
Peirce, Charles
Russell, Bertrand
Turing, Alan
Whitehead, Alfred North
Wittgenstein, Ludwig
Matemática
Abel, Niels Henrik
Alberti, Leone Battista
Alembert, D’
Alhazen [Ibn al-Haytham]
Ampère, André-Marie
Arquimedes
Babbage, Charles
Baghdadi, al- [Abu Mansur]
Banach, Stefan
Banu Musa
Bernoulli, Daniel
Bernoulli, Jakob I
Bernoulli, Jakob II
Bernoulli, Johann I
Bernoulli, Johann II
Bernoulli, Johann III
Bernoulli, Nikolaus I
Bernoulli, Nikolaus II
Biruni, alBoécio
Boltzmann, Ludwig
Bolyai, János
Bolzano, Bernard
Boole, George
Bourbaki, Nicolas
Brouwer, Luitzen
Brunelleschi, Filippo
Cantor, Georg
Cardano, Girolamo
Carnot, Lazare
Cartan, Élie
Cauchy, Augustin-Louis
Cavalieri, Bonaventura
Cayley, Arthur
Chebyshev, Pafnuty
Ch’in Chiu-Shao
Chu Shih-Chieh
Clifford, William
Condamine, La
Condorcet, marquês de
Dedekind, Richard
Descartes, René
Diofanto de Alexandria
Dirichlet, Gustav
Dürer, Albrecht
Euclides
Euler, Leonhard
Fermat, Pierre de
Ferro, Scipione
Fibonacci, Leonardo
Fourier, Jean Baptiste
Frege, Gottlob
Friedmann, Aleksandr
Galois, Evariste
Gauss, Carl Friedrich
Germain, Sophie
Gödel, Kurt Friedrich
Habash al-Hasib
Hadamard, Jacques
Hamilton, William Rowan
Hilbert, David
Hiparco
Hipátia
Hopf, Heinz
Huygens, Christiaan
Jacobi, Carl Gustav
Kamal al-Din
Karaji, alKashi, alKhayyami, al[Omar Khayyam]
Klein, Felix
Lagrange, Joseph Louis
Laplace, Pierre-Simon
Lebesgue, Henri Léon
Legendre, Adrien-Marie
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leonardo da Vinci
Li Chih
Lie, Sophus
Liouville, Joseph
Liu Hui
Lobachevsky, Nikolai
Lyapunov, Aleksandr
Markov, Andrei
Maupertuis
Minkowski, Hermann
Napier, John
Neumann, Johann von
Newton, Isaac
Nicolau de Cusa
Noether, Emmy
Pappus de Alexandria
Pascal, Blaise
Peano, Giuseppe
Pearson, Karl
Peirce, Charles
Pitágoras
Poincaré, Henri
Poisson, Siméon-Denis
Ptolomeu
Ramanujan, Srinivasa Aaiyangar
Riemann, Bernhard
Russell, Bertrand
Saccheri, Giovanni Girolamo
Samawal, alSommerfeld, Arnold
Stokes, George
Tartaglia, Niccoló
Thabit ibn Qurra
Torricelli, Evangelista
Turing, Alan
Tusi, al- [Nasir al-Din]
Viéte, Francois
Volterra, Vito
Weierstrass, Karl
Weyl, Hermann
Whitehead, Alfred North
Wiener, Norbert
Wren, Christopher
Yang Hui
Yunus, Ibn
Zermelo
Mecânica
Arquimedes
Bernoulli, Jakob I
Carnot, Lazare
ÍNDICE DE DISCIPLINAS
Coulomb, Charles
Euler, Leonhard
Hamilton, William Rowan
Khazini, alLagrange, Joseph Louis
Leonardo da Vinci
Lyapunov, Aleksandr
Mersenne, Marin
Tartaglia, Niccoló
Medicina
Averroes [Ibn Rushd]
Avicena [Ibn Sina]
Bernard, Claude
Bernoulli, Daniel
Breuer, Josef
Broca, Pierre Paul
Cardano, Girolamo
Chagas, Carlos
Charcot, Jean-Martin
Cruz, Oswaldo
Fabrizio, Geronimo
Fleming, Alexander
Fludd, Robert
Galeno
Gall, Franz Joseph
Hahnemann, Samuel
Harvey, William
Hipócrates de Cós
Hunayn ibn Ishaq
Jenner, Edward
Koch, Robert
Li Shih-Chen
Maimônides
Malpighi, Marcello
Mesmer, Franz Anton
Nostradamus, Michael
Paracelso
Pinel, Philippe
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
Rabelais, François
Samawal, alStahl, Georg Ernst
Thabit ibn Qurra
Vesálio, André
Virchow, Rudolf
Jefferson, Thomas
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
Psicologia
Breuer, Josef
Freud, Sigmund
Gall, Franz Joseph
Galton, Francis
Jung, Carl Gustav
Mach, Ernst
Pavlov, Ivan
Química
Mineralogia
Vernadsky, Vladimir
Óptica
Alhazen [Ibn al-Haytham]
Bacon, Roger
Fresnel, Augustin
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Hamilton, William Rowan
Helmholtz, Hermann von
Hobbes, Thomas
Huygens, Christiaan
Kamal al-Din
Mersenne, Marin
Newton, Isaac
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
Young, Thomas
Paleontologia
Agassiz, Louis
Huxley, Thomas
Ampère, André-Marie
Arrhenius, Svante
Avogadro, Amedeo
Berthelot, Marcellin
Berthollet, Claude
Berzelius, Jöns Jacob
Boyle, Robert
Dalton, John
Davy, Humphry
Duhem, Pierre
Dumas, Jean-Baptiste
Faraday, Michael
Gay-Lussac
Kekulé
Lavoisier
Liebig, Justus von
Mendeleev, Dmitry
Meyer, Lothar
Nernst, Walther
Oparin, Aleksandr
Ostwald, Wilhelm
Pasteur, Louis
Perrin, Jean Baptiste
Pope, William
Priestley, Joseph
Proust, Joseph Louis
Rutherford, Ernest
Stahl, Georg Ernst
Van’t Hoff, Jacobus
Watt, James
Sociologia
Comte, Auguste
Spencer, Herbert
Termodinâmica
Boltzmann, Ludwig
Carnot, Sadi
Clapeyron, Émile
Clausius, Rudolf
Nernst, Walther
Zoologia
Agassiz, Louis
Frisch, Karl von
Haeckel, Ernst
Huxley, Thomas
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste
Linnaeus, Carl
Martius, Von
Saint-Hilaire, Étienne Geoffroy
Saint-Hilaire, Isidore Geoffroy
Weismann, August
895